intoxication

• raised when taking an intoxicating substance like drink or drugs
• d needs to give evidence for intox
• bop is on p
• two issues - was it vol or invol - was the offence a basic or specific intent
• voluntary is only a defence to specific intent
• mens rea needs to be completly negated (sheeran v moore) (dpp v beard)
• if mr is present then the d will not be able to raise the dfence (gallagher)
• voluntary is never a defence to basic intent (majewski)
• involuntary intoxication - didn't know they were taking a substance or due to duress
• defence to all crimes but mr is negated (kingston)
• if sedative drugs has opposite effects can rely on defence (hardie)
• prescribed drug with unexpected effect can rely on it (bailey)