Enzymes

• Define enzyme

  Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions
• Reagent used to test for proteins

  Biuret solution
• Reagent used to test for Starch

  iodine
• Reagent used to test for Sugars

  Benedict’s solution
• Positive result for starch test

  Iodine solution goes from brown-red to blue-black
• Positive result for Sugars test

  Benedicts solution goes from clear-blue to brick red
• Positive result for Proteins

  Biuret turns from blue to lilac
• What kind of molecule are enzymes?

  proteins
• Define active site

  The site on an enzyme where the substrate binds
• Describe lock and key model

  Substrate fits into active site to form enzyme-substrate complex
• Define denaturation

  Loss of active site
• How does temperature affect enzymes’ rate of reaction?

  as temp increases RoR increases until after optimum when enzyme denatures
• Why do enzymes stop working past their optimum temperature 


  they have denatured (substrate can no longer bind to active site)
• Why do enzymes not work well at lower temperatures?

  Inactive (not enough Kinetic energy to collide and bind to active site)
• How does a change in pH affect enzyme structure?

  pH change affects forces holding enzyme structure together, causing it to denature
• Name the type of enzyme that digests carbohydrates.

  Carbohydrases
• Name the type of enzyme that digests starch

  Amylase
• Name the type of enzyme that digests proteins

  Proteases
• Name the product of the breakdown of proteins

  Amino acids
• Name the product of the breakdown of Starch

  Simple sugars
• Name the product of the breakdown of Lipids

  Glycerol and fatty acids
• Name the type of enzyme that digests lipids

  lipases
• Which organs produce amylase

  Salivary glands and pancreas
• Which organs produce Proteases

  Stomach, pancreas and small intestine
• Which organs produce Lipases

  Pancreas and small intestine
• Where does starch digestion occur

  Mouth and small intestine
• Where does protein digestion occur

  Stomach and small intestine
• Where does lipid digestion occur

  Small intestine
• How are the nutrients carried away from the gut?

  Absorbed into Bloodstream through small intestine
• State the function of the salivary glands

  Produce digestive enzymes
• State the function of the Stomach

  Releases digestive enzymes to digest food
• State the function of the Liver

  Creates bile for lipid digestion
• State the function of the Small intestine

  Digest food and absorb nutrients from digested food
• State the function of the Large intestine

  Absorb water from digested food
• State the function of the Pancreas

  Produces/release digestive enzymes
• What are proteins made up of

  Amino acids
• What are carbohydrates made up of

  Simple sugars