BIO 101 Test 1 Review

• Biology is the study of life.
• Population is a group of the same species living in the same place at the same time.
• Community is a variety of populations occupying the same place.
• Biosphere is the global ecosystem.
• Ecosystem is the living and non-living components of an area.
• Organization is the way the units of life function together, for example, groups of cells.
• Energy is what all living things need to function, but the way they obtain energy is different.
• Homeostasis is how a cell or organism maintains internal constancy, for example, if one’s body is too cold they will begin shivering to stay warm.
• Reproduction, growth, and development are essential to life because that is how life multiplies.
• Evolution is natural in life, whenever an organism is in an environment that is changing, the organism begins to adapt and naturally changes (evolves) to be suited for the environment.
• Individual organisms are divided into two groups, single-celled and multicellular.
• Emergent properties are characteristics that emerge at each level of organization, they are evidence of the levels of organization interacting to maintain life.
• Primary producers obtain nutrients from the nonliving environment such as the sun.
• A control group is the group used for comparison, for example a placebo for medicine rather than the actual medication.
• Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus while prokaryotic cells do not.
• The three main branches of life are Domain Bacteria, Domain Eukarya, and Domain Archaea.
• The scientific method steps are observe, ask questions, hypothesize and predict, collect data and make conclusions
• Bacteria and Archaea are considered to be unicellular and prokaryotic.
• Homeostasis is the maintenance of internal constancy, for example, if one is hungry they're stomach will growl
• A standardized variable is one that remains constant throughout the experiment.
• An experimental group is the group that may show different results, for example the actual medication.
• A dependent variable is one affected by the experiment change, so more water caused the plant to grow.
• Sexual reproduction produces genetically unique cells while asexual reproduction produces genetically identical cells.
• Homeostasis also includes increasing the circulation of blood to the surface to allow the body to dissipate heat when one has a fever.
• An independent variable is one changed in an experiment, for example, a certain amount of water added to a plant.
• Consumers obtain nutrients from eating other organisms.
• Decomposers obtain nutrients from dead organisms and organic waste.
• Producer: Trees.
• Primary consumers are herbivores; Deer
• Secondary consumer: Humans.
• Tertiary consumer: Lions.
• • Matter: anything that takes up mass
• • Element: a substance that cannot be chemically broken down
• Cohesion: water molecules sticking together, high surface tension
• Adhesion: water molecules forming hydrogen bonds with other molecules
• Water dissolves hydrophilic molecules; salt
• Water does not dissolve hydrophobic molecules; butter
• Dehydration Synthesis: A reaction in which a larger molecule is formed from two molecules by the removal of a water molecule; Monomer to Polymer
• Hydrolysis: A reaction in which a large molecule is broken down into two molecules by the addition of water
• PH Scale: 0-14, 7 is neutral