Personality

• Personality originated from the latin word: persona, which means mask or appearance.
• Characteristics of Personality:

  • Consistency 
  • Both psychological and physiological 
  • Affects behaviors and actions 
  • Multiple Expressions
• Personality - The set of characteristics that make you unique
• Character - What you do when no one is watching
• Identify the Humor: Yellow Bile

  • Choleric - Dominant and Short-Tempered
• Identify the Humor: Black Bile

  • Melancholic - Quiet and Reflective
• Identify the Humor: Phlegm

  • Phlegmatic - Calm and Agreeable
• Identify the Humor: Blood

  • Sanguine - Cheerful and Energetic
• Determinants of Personality:

  • Heredity
  • Environment
  • Situation
• Psychoanalytic Theory proposed by Sigmund Freud 1900.
• Psychoanalytic Theory - Conscious experience is a small part of psychological make-up
• Unconscious: Driving Force
• Personality comprises of three interacting components:

  • Id
  • Ego
  • Superego
• Acts as the ‘executive’ of personality, making decisions and allowing higher-order thinking 

  Answer: Ego
• Develops soon after birth

  Answer: Ego
• Develops in childhood, judging the morality of behavior 

  Answer: Superego
• Operates based on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate tension reduction and satisfaction 

  Answer: Id
• Raw, unorganized, inborn part of personality

  Answer: Id
• Helps control id impulses, promoting less selfish and more virtuous behavior

  Answer: Superego
• Ego acts as a mediator, balancing superego and id demands to navigate practical compromises in life 
• Childhood and Adult Personality: A Connection 

  • Oral
  • Anal
  • Phallic
  • Latent
  • Genital
• Freud addressed anxiety as a ‘danger’ signal to the ego.
• Collective Unconscious - Inherited set of ideas, feelings, images, and symbols that are shared with all humans because of our common ancestral past
• Archetype - Universal symbolic representation of particular types of people, objects, ideas, or experiences 
• EXAMPLES OF ARCHETYPES 

  • The Persona
  • The Shadow
  • The Mother Archetype
• MBTI helps people assess their personality using four specific dichotomies or scales.
• What kind of Personality Test?

  • Introversion-Extroversion,
  • Sensing-Intuition,
  • Thinking-Feeling,
  • and Judging-Perceiving

  Answer: MBTI
• Personality Key Types (MBTI):

  • Extroverts
  • Introverts
  • Intuitives
  • Sensors
  • Thinkers
  • Feelers
  • Judgers
  • Perceivers
• Feminine Psychology proposed by Karen Horney in 1885-1952.
• Neurosis - Characterized by anxiety, depression, or other feelings of unhappiness or distress that are out of proportion and affect only part of the personality 
• Neurotic Trends:

  • Affection
  • Submissiveness,
  • Power, or Withdrawal 
• TEN (10)  NEUROTIC NEEDS by Horney:

  1. Affection and Approval
  2. Powerful Partner
  3. Restrict One's Life
  4. Power
  5. Exploit Others
  6. Social Recognition
  7. Personal Admiration
  8. Ambition
  9. Self-Sufficiency
  10. Perfection
• Theory of Individualism proposed by Alfred Adler in 1870-1937.
• Theory of Individualism  - Adler proposed that the primary human motivation is striving for superiority, not in terms of superiority over others but in a quest for self-improvement and perfection 
• INFERIORITY COMPLEX - Feelings of low self-esteem and low self-worth. 
• SUPERIORITY COMPLEX - Drive to show others that he is better than he really is 
• Childhood - A key period in the development of personality
• Eight (8) Stages of Development according to Erikson:

  1. Hope
  2. Will
  3. Purpose
  4. Competency
  5. Fidelity
  6. Love
  7. Care
  8. Wisdom
• Trait Theory proposed by Gardon Allport in 1930.
• Trait Theory - A personality approach that seeks to: Identify the basic traits necessary to describe personality