Lesson 1.4 Input and output operations

• Input Stream: If the direction of flow of bytes is from the device (for example, Keyboard) to the main memory then this process is called input.
• Output Stream: If the direction of flow of bytes is opposite, i.e., from main memory to device (display screen) then this process is called output.
• iostream: iostream stands for standard input-output stream.
• iomanip: iomanip stands for input-output manipulators.
• The methods declared in these files are used for manipulating streams.
• This file contains definitions of setw, setprecision, etc.
• fstream: This header file mainly describes the file stream.
• This header file is used to handle the data being read from a file as input or data being written into the file as output.
• bits/stdc++: This header file includes every standard library.
• Used when you want to reduce the time wasted in doing chores; especially when rank is time sensitive.