Geography A level

• China's Open Door Policy was implemented in 1978 to promote a modern and thriving China.
• Members of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) seek substantial reductions on tariffs and trade barriers and the elimination of preferences on a mutually advantageous basis.
• Containerisation is a logistical system of transporting goods in steel containers, each carrying 25000kg of goods.
• Cultural Diffusion is the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities into different cultures.
• Cultural Erosion is the reduction of a culture due to globalisation.
• Cumulative Causation, also known as "Success breeds Success", is like a multiplier effect, where as the core regions increase in prosperity the periphery regions will too due to their links with the core.
• Deindustrialisation is a reduction in industrial capacity, leading to social and economic change within a region.
• Diaspora refers to people displaced from their homeland, voluntarily or forced.
• Downward Transition Zones are countries or cities with predicted economic decline, industrial reduction or switched off from globalisation, such as Scotland, Turkey, and Brazil.
• Transformationalist is the belief that globalisation won’t lead to the formation of a homogeneous culture, instead, the flow of culture is two-way.
• Privatisation is when national public services become owned by private businesses.
• Special Economic Zones (SEZ) are regions where the government offer incentives to attract industry.
• Trade Bloc is a group of countries that act together to promote trade and a free movement of goods/services between member states.
• Skeptics are people who believe that globalisation only occurs within a core, therefore anyone living outside the core will receive no benefits from globalisation.
• Upward Transition Zones are countries or cities with predicted industrial & economic increase, such as China and India.
• Transnational Company (TNC) is a company which operates in different countries to where they are originally based.
• Sovereignty is control over a country's own laws and regulations.
• Outsourcing is when a business contracts outside businesses to complete some of their work, with the aim to reduce costs.
• Potential Areas of Growth are regions where future economic development are predicted due to their undeveloped resources, such as Canada and Qatar.
• Economic Migration is the movement of migrants to improve financial income or standard of living.
• IBRD and WBG both offer loans and temporary financial assistance to developing countries.
• KOF Index of Globalisation takes into account the social, economic and political globalisation of a state.
• Offshoring is when a company moves parts of its operations to another country, often to save money.
• Hyper-Globaliser is someone who believes that globalisation and cultural diffusion is a positive process, which will lead to the formation of a homogeneous culture (one ‘super’ global culture).
• Cores that demonstrate connections to the world (through trade, ideas, migration, etc) are attractive to TNCs and foreign direct investors.
• Glocalisation is the adaptation of a good offered by a TNC to suit a local market.
• International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a fund of 189 member countries with the aim to aid each other to achieve financial stability and providing loans for development.
• The growing interdependence of countries through cross-boundary transactions (capital, technology, migration, knowledge, culture, etc) is a key aspect of globalisation.
• Liberalisation is a reduction in government rule within industry, creating opportunity for greater participation from private businesses and TNCs within an industry.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is an investment by one country or business with an interest in another country.