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• The balance of power in learner-centered teaching practices has shifted from the teacher to the student.
• The function of content in learner-centered teaching practices has evolved from transmission to facilitation.
• The role of the teacher in learner-centered teaching practices is to facilitate learning, not to teach.
• Responsibility for learning in learner-centered teaching practices is shared by the teacher and the student.
• Evaluation in learner-centered teaching practices serves a purpose and process, not an end.
• Learner-Centered Teaching: Five Key Changes to Practice
• The balance of power in learner-centered teaching practices has shifted from the teacher to the student.
• The function of content in learner-centered teaching practices has evolved to include the learner's interests, needs, and goals.
• The role of the teacher in learner-centered teaching practices is to facilitate learning, not to dictate it.
• Responsibility for learning in learner-centered teaching practices is shared by the teacher and the learner.
• Evaluation in learner-centered teaching practices is purposeful and process-oriented, not punitive.
• Psychological science has much to contribute to enhancing teaching and learning in the classroom.
• Learner's Belief on Intelligence, Prior Knowledge, Continuous Cognitive Development, Contextual Learning, Long-term Knowledge and Practice, Feedback, Self-Regulation, Creativity, Social Contexts, Interpersonal Relationships, Emotional Well-being, Formative and Summative Assessments, Measuring with Standards, Fair Interpretation.
• Teaching and learning are intricately linked to social and behavioral factors of human development, including cognition, motivation, social interaction, and communication.
• Weimer explains that in order to be learner-centered, instructional practice needs to change in five key areas: the balance of power, the function of content, the role of the teacher, the responsibility for learning, and the purpose and processes of evaluation.
• The American Psychological Association states that social and behavioral human development factors affect learning, including cognition, motivation, social interaction, and communication.
• Educators may apply strategies to cater to these factors based on the 20 principles for teaching and learning.
• The Four Principles of Student-Centered Approach are: Learning is Personalized, Learning is Competency-Based, Learning Happens Anytime, Anywhere, and Students Take Ownership of their Learning which are fundamental in facilitating learner-centered learning.
• Philosophy of education refers to one’s beliefs about why, what, and how one teaches, whom one teaches, and about the nature of learning.
• Education philosophy is a set of principles that guides professional action through the events and issues faced in the teaching environment.
• Principle in education is a rule for guiding the ship education so that it will reach the port designated by the philosophy of education; a guiding norm by which a process is carried on.
• Moral principle in education is an abstract, desirable end state that people strive for or aim to uphold, such as freedom, loyalty, or tradition.
• Value in education goes beyond normal limits and boundaries because it is more significant than them.
• Transcendental philosophy of Education plays an essential role in the teacher’s execution of their instructional practices and guide the teachers what to teach, how to teach and why to teach.
• Essentialism, as represented by William C. Bagley, is subject-centered and focuses on developing learners into becoming enlightened and intellectual citizens.
• Progressivism, as represented by John Dewey, is student-centered and focuses on developing learners into becoming enlightened and intellectual citizens.
• Perennialism, as represented by Robert Hutchins and Mortimer Adler, is subject-centered and focuses on developing students’ rational and moral powers.
• Existentialism, as represented by Soren Kierkegaard, Jean-Paul Sartre, Martin Heidegger, and Albert Camus, is individualism and focuses on helping students understand and appreciate themselves as unique individuals.
• Behaviorism, as represented by BF Skinner and John Watson, is student-centered and focuses on modifying and shaping students’ behavior by providing for a favorable environment.
• Your interaction with students involves your attitudes towards advising and mentoring students, how an observer would see you interact with students, and why you want to work with students.
• A perfect teaching situation for you would be one where students are actively engaged in learning and you are able to observe their progress and provide feedback.
• Experiential method is the most effective way to teach language and communication, with the teacher facilitating dialogue among learners and between the students.
• Social Reconstructionism involves teaching through a problem-oriented type, community-based learning, and group discussions, fostering cooperation, not competition.
• Constructivism, represented by Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, is student-centered and aims to develop intrinsically motivated and independent learners adequately equipped with learning skills for them to construct knowledge and make meaning of them.
• Linguistic Philosophy suggests that learners should be taught to communicate clearly, with communication taking place in three ways: verbal, non-verbal, and paraverbal.
• Social Reconstructionism suggests that education should focus on social justice issues and gives importance to the broad purpose of education.
• Constructivism involves the teacher providing students with data or experiences that allow them to hypothesize, predict, manipulate objects, pose questions, research, investigate, imagine, and invent.
• Constructivism suggests that students are taught how to learn, with learning process and skills such as searching, critiquing and evaluating information being taught.
• Teaching philosophies express your values and beliefs about teaching, they are personal statements that introduce you as a teacher.
• Social Reconstructionism provides a vision of the better world by looking for solutions and addressing social concerns and issues.