Biology

• Science is a rigorous, systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the world.
• Biology is the scientific study of living things.
• Biology covers a wide range of topics and consists of various branches (subdisciplines).
• A microscope is a laboratory instrument used to examine objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.
• Eyepiece or ocular lens: it is where the individual looks through and makes one see the object.
• Connective tissues bind structures together, form a framework and support for organs and the body as a whole, store fat, transport substances, protect against disease, and help repair tissue damage.
• An organ is a structure made of tissue in the body that performs a specific function.
• An organ system is a group of organs that work together in the body to perform a complex, such as pumping blood or processing and utilizing nutrients.
• Neuroglia or glial cells are the supporting nervous system cells, which provides mechanical and structural support to neurons.
• Coarse adjustment knob: a large, round shape adjusting knob on the microscope's side used to move the upper part of the microscope to focus on an object or a specimen.
• Body tube: a long tube that connects the objective lens attached to the revolving nosepiece and eyepiece.
• Fine adjustment knob: a small, round shape knob use to fine-tune the focus of the object or specimen.
• Arm: the part of the microscope where you can hold and carry the microscope.
• Revolving nosepiece: a rotating portion of the microscope under the body tube that holds the objective lenses.
• Objective lens: a mini tube-like part of the microscope attached to the nosepiece used to magnify the object or specimen.
• The longer the objective lens, the larger the image of the specimen.
• Stage: a flat-like disk area under the objectives that is used for viewing
• Stage clips: used to hold the slides in place
• Diaphragm: controls the amount of light that is directed to the object or specimen
• Mirror or light: the part of the microscope that captures light that is usually found near the microscope's base
• Base: supports the entire microscope
• Biological organization is the organization system that scientists use to organize living objects from the smallest parts to the largest parts
• Animal cells have centrioles or centrosomes, they are also smaller than plant cells, and animal cells are typically round or irregular in shape.
• Cells are the structural, functional, and biological units of all living beings.
• Plant cells make up all living organisms in the kingdom Plantae.
• Plant cells are eukaryotic cells with a true nucleus along with specialized structures called organelles that carry out certain specific functions.
• These cells are larger than animal cells because they comprise a large central vacuole that occupies a majority of the volume and makes the cell larger.
• Prokaryotic cells are cells that do not have any membrane-bound organelles and are always part of unicellular organisms.
• There are three types of muscular tissue: Cardiac muscle or myocardium: an involuntary striated and uninucleate muscle tissue found only in the heart and is responsible for the ability of the heart to pump blood.
• Neurons or nerve cells are the cells of the nervous system, which receive and transmit nerve impulses.
• Unicellular organisms are organisms that consist of a single cell.
• Multicellular organisms are composed of more than one cell, with groups of cells differentiating to take on specialized functions.
• Smooth muscle: an involuntary, uninucleate, and non-striated muscle that helps with digestion and nutrient collection and functions to help rid the body of toxins and works in electrolyte balance.
• Organisms fall into two general categories: prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms.
• Skeletal muscle: a voluntary and multinucleate muscle that allows humans to move and perform daily activities and play an essential role in respiratory mechanics and maintaining posture and balance.
• Tissues are collections of cells that work together in multicellular organisms.
• Nervous tissue or neural tissue is the main tissue component of the nervous system.
• Muscular tissue is composed of cells that have the special ability to shorten or contract in order to produce movement of the body parts.
• Eukaryotic cells are cells containing membrane-bound organelles and are the basis of both unicellular and multicellular organisms.
• Animal cells are the building blocks that make up all living organisms in the kingdom Animalia.