CONPHILARTS

• Earliest forms of Ritual/Ritual:

  • Mayvanuvanua (Batanes): ritual that opens the fishing season of DIBANG (flying fish)
  • Cañao or Kanyaw (Cordillera Administrative Region): officiated by a shaman or mumbaki, involves animal sacrifice with entrails read through divination
  • Kashawing (Lake Lanao of Mindanao): ritual to ensure abundance during rice planting and harvesting
  • Tagbanwa (Palawan): shamans go into a trance amidst ritual chanting and dancing, believed to be taken over by goddesses
• Ethnic Musical Instruments:

  • Kudyapi: a three-stringed guitar used for courtship among Lumad and Bangsamoro groups
  • Kulintang: an array of bossed gongs used for celebratory occasions such as festivals, weddings, and musical competitions
  • Gangsa: flat gong, a percussion instrument used in the Cordillera region during gatherings, celebrations, and rituals
  • Agong (Agung): a large bossed gong heard in various occasions like weddings, water baptism, and curing rites, also played alone to announce emergencies and mark time of day
• Native Dance Forms:

  • Pangalay (Sulu): mimetic dance of seabirds to retain a close relationship with the environment
  • Kinabua of Mandaya: performs swooping movements imitating the movements of an eagle
  • Banog-banog (Higaonon and B'laan): courtship dance portraying the flight of birds
  • Man-manok (Bagobos): imitate movements of predatory birds
  • Talip (Ifugaos): courtship dance mimetic of movements of wild fowls
  • Inamong of Matigsalugs and Kadaliwas (T’boli): represent comedic movements of monkeys
• • Tinikling (Tagalog): evocative of movements of the crane balancing itself on stilt-like legs, represents Filipino rice farmers' attempts to catch the Tikling bird
• Carving:

  • Bulul (Cordillera): granary god playing an important role in rituals, carved wooden statue used by Ifugao people to guard their rice crop
  • Hagabi (Ifugao): wooden bench marking socio-economic status, only allowed for Ifugao of the wealthy class
  • Sarimanok: stylized design of a bird holding a fish, legendary bird of the Maranao people
  • Naga: elaborate mythical serpent or dragon with curvilinear motifs
  • Pako Rabong: stylized growing fern used as decoration
• • Manunggul Jar: excavated in Manunggul Cave Lipunan Point Palawan, dated to the late Neolithic Period with two anthropomorphic forms atop the lid
  • Santos: carved by Christianized communities in Paete Laguna and Betis Pampanga
  • Okir: geometric and flowing designs on Maranao artworks
• Textile:

  • Dr. Norma Respicio states that Philippine ethnolinguistic groups have a rich textile weaving tradition
  • They use Foot Loom and Backstrap Loom
  • Examples include Pis syabit, Malong, Tepo Mat, Ovaloid Baskets, and Bubo
• Other Symbolism:

  • Tattoos practiced by Visayas, Kalinga, Kankanay, Ibaloy, and Ifugao
  • Jewelry worn by T'boli with brass chains, bells, and colorful beads
  • Lotoans: betel nut boxes of various shapes
  • Functional Containers with textured designs of rhombuses, spirals, circles, and tendrils
  • Brass Kendi and Gadur used in ceremonies and cherished as status symbols or heirloom pieces
• Islamic Colonial Influence:

  • Islam well entrenched in Southern Philippines, gained significant grounding in Sulu as early as the 13th century
  • Art influenced by Islam through the notion of Tawhid or Unity with God emphasizing impermanence of nature and greatness of the divine Being
  • Features like elaborate patterning in mosques, abstract forms, orientation of parts like the mihrab and Qibla wall, bulbous dome, Ka'bah, water supply area, gardens, and upward orientation
• Spanish Colonial Influence:

  • Style and Culture Religious Art, Lowland Christian Art or Folk art
  • Architecture with Plaza Complex, Cruciform Churches, Baroque Style, and Colonial Baroque or Philippine/Tropical Baroque
  • Sculpting & Engraving with Greek and Roman classical influence seen in Santos, Retablo, Via Crucis, Relleves, and Plateria
  • Music introduced in 1742 with Western Musical Instruments like Pipe organ, Violin, Guitar, and Piano
  • Catholic Liturgical Music, Pasyon or Pabasa, Awit and Corrido, Balitao, and Kundiman
• • Literature with bamboo poles etched with Baybayin for short poems, and invocation for a safe journey found on a huge stone in Ticao Leyte
  • Theater with Processions, Zarzuela, Senakulo, and Komedya
• Folk Music and Dance:

  • Cariñosa, Pandanggo sa Ilaw, Polka, Danza, Riodon
• Secular Art:

  • Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas (Velarde Map) by Fr. Pedro Murillo Velarde, Francisco Suarez, and Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay
  • Flora de Filipinas by Augustinian botanist Fr. Manuel Blanco
  • Visual Arts with Heaven, Earth, and Hell mural by Jose Dans, San Cristobal, Basi Revolt by Esteban Villanueva
  • Rise of new elite in art with Bahay na bato and Paintings
• Painting:

  • Miniaturist Style with meticulous details
  • Letras y Figuras combining names of individuals and vignettes
  • Academic Paintings championing European academic styles
  • Genre Paintings depicting scenes from everyday life
  • Notable artists like Damian Domingo, Juan Luna, Felix Hidalgo
  • Works like Spoliarium, Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho, and España y Filipinas
  • Genre Paintings depicting scenes from everyday life