Wykład 1

• Venuti – domestication = discourse strategy:

  • Fluency
  • Linear syntax
  • Immediate intelligibility (understanding) – Halloween = Zaduszki
  • Lack of polysemy
  • Approach of creating ‘transparency’ – to make them think they are not reading a translation but an original work.
  • Assimilation to the dominant TC ideology.
• Omissions in the target text because of some problematic/unacceptable elements in the source text may be counted as domestication.
• • Possible lexical–level procedures used to mediate cultural/linguistic otherness:
  • Exoticizing = importation (transfer), calques, foreignizing
  • Assimilative = normalization (we look for a neutral solution), cultural substitution (we impose the target culture into our text)., domesticating
• Domestication/foreignization at various levels:

  • Syntax – language structure
  • Phraseology
  • Lexical choice in case of culture-specific references
  • Ideology
• Foreignization and domestication criteria:

  Transparency = domestication

  Intelligibility = domestication

  Resistance = foreignization

  Reduced coherence = foreignization
• 1. Initial norm:

  Describes the translator’s general approach – the basic choice which can be made between requirements of the two different sources (adequacy vs acceptability).
• Adequacy = correlated with the foreignization strategy
• Acceptability = correlated with domestication
• Adequacy: innovation – inducing shifts and deviations from sanctioned models and norms within the culture in question

  Acceptability: Preservation – maintaining the established norms code in the TC
• Actual translation decisions – combination of, or compromise between the two extremes implied by the initial norms.
• Non-translational norms and conventions – designed for parallel texts originally composed in the target language/target culture (illusionistic domestication)
• Translational norms and conventions – designed for translation as a subset of the target language/target culture texts/if we adapt the text to the TL/TC (non-illusionistic domestication)