Motivation
Cards (87)
- The reason why behavior occurs
- Motives that are biological in origin and common to all members of species
- This type of motives are instead learned.
- cognitive way of looking at things: a need for oxygen produces the behavior to obtain it, and the organisms is also consciously aware and planning and otherwise acting deliberately to obtain a goal of getting more oxygen, and fast
- Stomach contractions produce the awareness of ____- in human beings and at the same time arouse specific actions. In other individuals, there is a general feeling of weakness and lightheadedness.
- It stems from physiological processes and renders the organism’s behavior selective and directional.
- the need for air
- The moment pain is experienced, there is a quick reaction to move away from the stimulus or source
- general tendency of the body to keep itself within functional limits and thus stay alive
- applies to any level of activity that is involved in the organism’s attempts to maintain normal limits.
- people need the company of other
- people depend on others to have someone to look up to, to turn to someone for help, or to be accepted and loved
- is learned in early childhood training when parent establish what is right and what is wrong for the child.
- most individual are motivated to achieve ______ among their fellowmen, although status systems vary from one group to another.
- The feeling involves being able to hold on to what one has, like money, a partner’s affection, status, job, etc.
- some people desire recognition, to be influential and in control. These individuals, high with the need to achieve, are not clock watchers and work to meet high standards
- Theories of Human Motivation
- Contemporary Theories of Motivation
- Behavior Theory- formulated by ___ and ___ (1953)
- this theory stated that a few basic motives acquired in early infancy proliferate into the behavior system in later life.
- Adult behavior was classified into five behavior systems:
- It is originated from Freud and psychoanalysis. Unconscious motives are manifested in the form of dreams, mannerisms, slips of the tongue, and symptoms of neuroses
- The Cognitive Theory of Motivation, formulated by ____(1964)
- According to this theory, goals control behavior. Some person are highly motivated by hope of success, while other by fear of failure
- Developed the Hierarchy of Human Needs
- Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs
- Agrees with Maslow that needs are arranged in hierarchy so he made his own theory which is a three-factor theory
- Alderfer's ERG Theory. basic needs in living, pay, working conditions
- ERG. importance of social interaction and relationship
- ERG. It emphasizes our inner drive for personal improvement and achievement.
- Alderfer's theory stated that there is no fixed order in his theory unlike Maslow's that you need to satisfy the lower level before going to the next level ( True or False )
- is a theory of motivation that aims to explain individuals’ goal-directed behavior
- psychological needs. (True or False )
- is defined by a perceived self-belief in one’s ability to perform well in an activity, e.g. in triathlon;
- Perceived autonomy is high when individuals feel they are engaging in sport because they choose to do so, not because they feel pressured by other people (parents, coaches) or external factors (expectations).
- defined by a sense of shared experience and meaningful relationships.
- developed what is called the goal-setting theory.
- The idea behind this theory is that goals that are specific and effectively difficult can lead to higher performance if they include self-generated feedback