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• the f-word - feminism
• Charles Fourier,a French philosopher, used the word "féminisme" in 1837
• History of the modern western feminist movement: four waves
• The first wave: women's voting movements of the 19th and early-20th centuries
• In Britain the suffragettes (Emmeline Pankhurst) campaigned for the women's vote
• Suffrage - the right to vote, but not to be elected
• USA: 1848 – Amendment guaranteed women the right to vote.
• EUROPE: 1918 - the vote was granted to women, but not everywhere to everyone: it depended on social class
• 1918 was the year Poland gained its independence after World War I ended, and so suffrage was officially proclaimed in 1918
• The second wave: the women's liberation movement in the 1960s: campaigns for legal and social equality for women
• The third wave: around 1992, focus on individuality and diversity; intersectional feminism
• Intersectional feminism is a type of feminism focused on the fact that systems of oppression impact people differently based on their race, class, ability
• Maternalism is the public expression of domestic values associated with motherhood; women should be respected for what they do at home
• The fourth wave: from around 2012,  focus on sexual harassment, violence against women and rape culture
• Me Too movement, awareness movement around the issue of sexual harassment and sexual abuse of women in the workplace that grew to prominence in 2017
• Feminism - advocacy of social equality in opposition to patriarchy and sexism
• Queer studies - an academic field of study focusing on matters relating to gender, human sexuality, and sexual orientation with emphasis on LGBT issues and culture.
• Women's studies is an academic field that draws on feminist and interdisciplinary methods to place women's lives and experiences at the center of study, while examining social and cultural constructs of gender
• Masculinity studies critically analyzes power dynamics and the role of patriarchy in shaping ideas about masculinity. It investigates how traditional notions of masculinity often reinforce unequal power relations between men and women, as well as among men themselves.
• Gender Studies explores how gender norms, roles, and expectations vary across different societies and historical periods.
• Essentialism presumes that gender roles are rooted in biology (our sex as our essence)
• Sex refers to “the different biological and physiological characteristics of males and females, such as reproductive organs, chromosomes, hormones, etc.” 
• Gender refers to "the socially constructed characteristics of women and men – such as norms, roles and relationships of and between groups of women and men.
• Non-binary identities are gender and/or sex identities that are not exclusively female or male
• People who are intersex have genitals, chromosomes or reproductive organs that don't fit into a male/female sex binary.
• "THE 5 SEXES. Why Male and Female Are Not Enough”: ANN FAUSTO-STERLING
• FEMALE: people born with ovaries, no testes
• MALE: people born with testes, no ovaries
• HERMS (or hermaphrodites):  people born with both an ovary and a testis
• FERMS: people born with ovaries and some aspects of male genitalia but no testes
• MERMS: people with testes and some aspects of female genitalia but no ovaries
• Gender stereotypes seemed to be stronger in more conservative, hierarchical countries with low levels of socioeconomic development, Christian affiliation, and a low proportion of women in higher education.
• Stereotypes: adjectives associated with men were stronger and more active than the adjectives associated with women
• "Pancultural similarity" refers to commonalities or similarities observed across different cultures. It suggests that certain behaviors, beliefs, values, or social norms are shared by diverse human societies, regardless of their cultural backgrounds or geographical locations.