Cell biology

• What are animal and plant cells classified as?

  Eukaryotic cells
• An animal cell and a plant cell share similarities such as a cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and a nucleus
• Plant cells contain a permanent vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall, which are not found in animal cells.
• What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

  Protein synthesis
• Bacterial cells are also known as prokaryotic cells.
• Prokaryotic cells contain a nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes.

  False
• Match the microscope type with its features:

  Light microscope ↔️ Cheaper and easier to use

  Electron microscope ↔️ Better magnification and resolution
• What is the equation linking magnification, image size, and actual size?

  \text{Magnification} = \frac{\text{Image size}}{\text{Actual size}}</latex>
• Cell specialization is the process by which cells differentiate to become specialized for a certain function.
• Stem cells can only become one type of specialized cell.

  False
• What does the term 'totipotent' mean in the context of stem cells?

  Can become any cell type
• Adult stem cells are multi-potent, meaning they have the potential to become most types of cells.
• Steps of mitosis in the correct order

  1️⃣ DNA duplicates and grows

  2️⃣ Chromosomes line up in the center

  3️⃣ Fibers pull chromosomes apart

  4️⃣ Nuclei reforms

  5️⃣ Cell membrane splits
• What are the two daughter cells created in mitosis identical to?

  Parent cell
• Match the type of cell transport with its description:

  Diffusion ↔️ Movement of particles from high to low concentration

  Osmosis ↔️ Movement of water through a partially permeable membrane

  Active transport ↔️ Movement of particles against a concentration gradient using energy
• Diffusion is the net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration.
• Osmosis requires energy to move water particles across a membrane.

  False
• Why is active transport necessary in root hair cells of plants?

  To absorb water and nutrients against the concentration gradient
• Match the example with the type of cell transport:

  Gas exchange in the lungs ↔️ Diffusion

  Water absorption in the large intestine ↔️ Osmosis
• What is one factor that affects the rate of cell transport?

  Surface area