Homeostasis and response

• Central Nervous System (CNS)

  Includes the brain and spinal cord. Where infomation is procsessed.
• Coordination centres


  Areas that receive and process information from receptors
• Effectors


  Areas usually made of muscles or glands that bring about responses in the body.
• endocrine system


  Consists of glands that control many of the body's activities by producing hormones. Such as development and metabolism.
• Glucagon


  Hormone released by the pancreas that raises blood sugar levels.
• Glucose


  A simple sugar that is an important source of energy. C6H12O6
• Glycogen


  Carbohydrate store in animals.
• Homeostasis


  The regulation of an organism's internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for life.
• Hormones


  Chemicals produced by your glands that regulate the activities of different body cells.
• Insulin


  A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics to control blood sugar levels.
• Motor neurones


  Carry impulses from the CNS to the effectors neurones.
• nerve


  a bundle of neurons
• neurones (nerve cells)


  Basic cells of the nervous system that carry minute electrical impulses around the body.
• Oestrogen


  Female sex hormone which stimulates the lining of the womb to build up in preparation for pregnancy and also is responsible for controlling the secondary sexual characteristics in girls.
• ova (eggs)


  female gametes
• Ovaries


  Glands that produce the egg cells and hormones
• Ovulation


  process in which a mature egg is released from the ovary
• pituitary gland


  endocrine gland at the base of the brain that secretes a number of different hormones into the blood.
• Receptor


  Cells that detects stimuli.
• Reflexes


  simple, automatic responses to sensory stimuli that do not involve conscious thought.
• Sensory neurones


  Neurone carries impulses from sensory organs to CNS.
• stimuli/stimulus


  a change in the environment producing a response
• Testosterone


  The male sex hormone that controls males secondary sexual characteristics and production of sperm.
• type 1 diabetes


  disorder in which the body cannot produce enough insulin
• type 2 diabetes


  progressive disorder in which body cells become less responsive to insulin
• Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

  Secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum)
• Reflex arcs


  Nerve pathways that need to cross only two synapses before producing a response
• vasoconstriction


  Reduces blood flow and heat transfer by decreasing the diameter of superficial blood vessels.
• vasodilation


  Increases blood flow and heat transfer by increasing the diameter of superficial blood vessels.
• Thermoregulatory centre


  The area of the brain which is sensitive to the temperature of the blood.