The multi-store model

• A model provides us with an analogy as to how memory works. There are two models: the multi-store model and the working memory model
• The multi store model was first described by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)
• MSM contains several testable propositions:

  1. model contains both stores and processes
  2. memory consists of distinctly separate stores
  3. info is transferred from STM to LTM by rehearsal
  4. Each store contains a certain amount of info, in a different way for a different amount of time
  5. STM and LTM are unitary stores that cannot be subdivided
• sensory register takes in sensory stimuli from the environment
• There are two main stores in the sensory register: iconic memory and echoic memory
• Info received by sensory registers last 1-2 seconds
• sensory register has a high capacity as it is constantly receiving info
• For info to be passed to the STM a person has to pay attention to the stimulus, if you dont pay attention to the info, it'll be forgotten
• STM is a limited capacity store, can hold 5-9 items
• Info is coded acoustically and lasts 18 seconds in STM
• To keep info in the STM, it must be repeated (maintenance rehearsal)
• Once info in the STM has been rehearsed enough, it'll be passed to the LTM
• LTM has an unlimited capacity store
• info lasts long periods of time in the LTM
• info in the LTM is coded semantically
• STRENGTHS:

  • supporting research: Baddeley (1966)
  • Neurobiological support: Beardsley (1997), Squire et al (1992)
• LIMITATIONS:

  • more than one type of rehearsal: Craik and Lockhart (1972)
  • Artificial materials: lacks external validity
  • more than one type of STM: Shallice and Warrington (1970)