Digestive system and nutrients revision

• What is a nutrient?

  A substance needed in the diet to provide raw materials for a healthy body.
• What is the bodies primary and secondary scource of energy?

  Carbohydrates are primary and fats are secondary
• What is the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates?

  Complex have a slow release and simple have a quick release
• What is the function of protein in the body?

  Growth and repair in cells
• What is the function of fibre in the body?

  Helps keep a healthy digestive system
• Difference between saturated and unsaturated?

  Satured fats raise cholestral which increases chance of heart attack and conatain les hydrogen and unsaturated fats are beneficial and contain more hydrogen
• What are the functions of vitamins in the body?

  Vitamins have various functions in the body, including supporting growth and development, aiding in metabolism, promoting immune function, and acting as antioxidants.
• What is the function of minerals in the body?

  Building strong bones, controling body fluids and turning food to energy
• What is the function of water in the body?

  Keeps a normal temprature, cushions joints and gets rid of waste/ flushes toxins
• What does macro mean?

  Large amounts
• What does micro mean?

  Small amounts
• What are some illnesses caused by malnutrition due to lack of eating?

  Scurry and rickets
• What are some illnesses caused by malnutrtion due to overeating?

  Type 2 diabetes and heart disease
• What is the extreme choice for energy?

  Protien but when used for energy can cause loss of muscle
• What is starch?

  Starch is a complex carbohydrate made up of glucose molecules and is the primary storage form of energy in plants.
• What is glucose made of?

  Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• What is the difference between glucose and starch?

  Starch is slow release of energy and glucose is fast release
• What is the test for starch?

  The test for starch is the iodine test, which turns the starch solution blue-black in color
• What is the test for protien?

  Biuret solution if the liquid turns purple protein is present
• What is the test for lipids?

  Ethanol if the liquid goes cloudy fats are present
• What is the test for reducing sugar?

  Benedicts reagent the closer the liquid is to red the more sugar there is
• What is an enzyme?

  An enzyme is a protein that acts as a catalyst in biological reactions, speeding up the rate of the reaction without being consumed in the process.
• What is the ideal Ph and temprature for an enzyme in the body?

  The ph depends on the type of enzyme and the temprature is 37c
• What does the liver do?

  Processes chemicals and stores excess glucose
• What does the large intestine do?

  Reabsorbs H20 and collects the thing the body doesn't want to digest
• What does the gallbladder do?

  Processes bile
• What is bile?

  Bile is what protects the stomach from acid and contains enzymes
• What is digestion?

  Absorbtion of nutrients
• What are the three models of enzymes?

  Lock and key, induced fit and scissor model
• What does the lock and key model represent?

  The active site in an enzyme has a specific shape for a specific substrate this represents how enzymes are specific
• What does the induced fit model represent?

  The induced fit model represents the concept that the active site of an enzyme can change its shape to accommodate and bind to a substrate.
• What does the scissor model represent?

  How enzymes seperate and break down nutrients such as starch into glucose
• What does ATP stand for?

  Adenosine Triphosphate
• Where does the kreb cycle happen?

  Mitochondria
• What happens during the kreb cycle?

  Glucose and oxygen are put in to ATP and out comes water, carbondioxide and energy
• What are the two types of breaking down food in the body?

  Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion
• What does the small intestine do?

  Absorbs nutrients from digested food
• Why can only glucose and not starch go through the small intestine?

  The small intestine is semi permeable so only glucose can fit
• Where does excess glucose go?

  Stored in the liver as glucogen
• What happens when the glucose is stored in the liver?

  It then goes to the pancrease and the insulin stimulates the glucose