Biology

• Factors in our lives can cause diseases, such as: Diet, lack of exercise, smoking, drugs and alcohol
• The transport process in which the oxygen enters the red blood cells is diffusion.
• Light microscopes allow us to see living cells so they can be seen preforming their functions in different conditions
• Embolism is a blockage in an artery that is caused by a foreign body such as a blood clot. This causes that part of the body to lose all or most function
• Coronary Heart Disease is the blockage of the coronary artery by fat build up, stopping blood flow
• Angina is a chest pain caused by a reduced blood flow to the heart muscles, so there is a lower supply of oxygen to the heart muscles.
• Heart Attack is when heart muscles die due to lack of oxygen
• Stroke is a lack of supply of oxygen in the brain.
• Thrombosis (blood-clots): block the blood flow and stops delivering oxygen and glucose to the cells.
• A blockage of the coronary arteries leads to a heart attack because the heart muscle cells are deprived of oxygen so they cant obtain energy from aerobic respiration, which causes the cells death.
• Drugs and surgery can help to control cardiovascular diseases
• Statins are a medication that can help control cardiovascular diseases
• Statins are drugs that help to lower cholesterol in the blood, this is done by lowering cholesterol in the liver.
• Statins are prescribed for people who have heart diseases or are at high risk of developing heart disease
• Statins need to be taken for a long time, because other wise cholesterol levels will rise again
• Statins should not be prescribed to people who are: pregnant, breastfeeding, or have a liver disease.
• There are side effects such as memory loss, headaches, type 2 diabetes, liver damage
• The advantages of a statin, are they can protect against other diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, and they lower cholesterol in the blood
• Stents are a type of surgical procedure that help to control cardiovascular diseases
• Stents: Coronary arteries that are blocked or have become narrowed and can be stretched open and a stent inserted to restore and maintain blood flow
• Stents have advantages, they can be used when drugs are less effective, a long-term solution, do not lead to immune response in patients, safe as doesn't involve surgery.
• There are also lots of disadvantages of stents, such as a risk of bleeding, heart attack, or stroke.
• Heart transplants are also a surgical procedure for a cardiovascular disease
• Heart transplants are required in cases of heart failure
• A heart transplant will be required if you have coronary heart disease, if you have a heart that fails to pump sufficient blood or if organs are starved of oxygen
• Disadvantages of a heart transplant are: They can cause a strain on the body and they might be rejected by the immune system
• After a heart transplant, a patient will:
• After a heart transplant, a patient will have to: Take time to heal and build up strength, have a higher risk of infections because of the drugs
• There are ways to reduce CVD: stopping smoking, maintaining a resting blood pressure below 140/85mmHg, maintain a low cholesterol, maintain a normal BMI, exercise more and have a moderate or no use of alcohol