Romantic era

• Romanticism emphasized emotions, imagination, and intuition rather than reason and logic.
• Romantic period in music: 1820-1910

  • Cultural movement emphasizing emotion, imagination, individualism, and freedom of expression
  • Characteristics evident in music, art, and literature of the era
  • Nationalism incorporated in music, expressing patriotism and pride in one's nation or culture
• Musical compositions of the romantic period portray literature, history, emotions, and nature
• Genres of music popular during the romantic period:

  • Violin and strings music
  • Piano music
  • Program music
• Famous composers under violin and strings music:

  • Frederick Chopin
  • Franz Liszt
  • Robert Schumann
• Frederick Chopin:

  • Known as the poet of the piano
  • Born in 1810 in Poland
  • Composed polonies at age seven
  • Made extensive use of piano pedal in his compositions
  • Famous compositions include balad, etude, mazurka, nocturne, polonies, relud, waltz, impromptu, skirtzo, and sonata
• Franz Liszt:

  • Known for virtuosity
  • Composed symphonic poems and piano transcriptions
  • Famous piano works include la campanella, hungarian rhapsodies, un sospiro, sonata in b minor
• Robert Schumann:

  • Combined music and words beautifully
  • Founded a music journal in 1834
  • Wrote under pseudonyms Yusubus and Florestan
  • Famous piano works include abeg variations, david's bundler, dance carnival, fantasy, stock chrysler jana kinder zenin
• Program music:

  • Instrumental composition conveying images or scenes to tell a story without text
  • Famous composer: Hector Berlioz
  • Berlioz's Symphony Fantastic tells the story of a young musician's hallucinations
• Peter Eliach Tchaikovsky:

  • Known for ballet music
  • Composed swan lake, sleeping beauty, the nutcracker, romeo and juliet, 1812 overture, symphonies, and piano concertos
• Camille Saint-Saëns:

  • Known for elegant and polished music
  • Composed carnival of the animals, dance macabre, symphony number three, and various concertos and chamber music
• Generalization of romantic music:

  • Western music composed in the late 18th to 19th century
  • Composers expressed passion and emotions through their works
  • Music became popular among the middle class
• Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) is considered one of the most important composers in history, known for his innovative approach to harmony and form.
• In music, composers such as Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Schubert, Frederic Chopin, Richard Wagner, Giuseppe Verdi, Hector Berlioz, Robert Schumann, Johannes Brahms, Antonín Dvořák, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, Arnold Bax, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Samuel Barber, Aaron Copland, Benjamin Britten, and John Cage were prominent figures during this time.
• The Romantic period was marked by an emphasis on individuality, emotion, nature, and the supernatural.
• Romantic artists sought to express deep feelings and intense experiences through their work.
• Romantic Period is described by some musicians, composers and researchers around the world as a cultural movement that stressed emotion, imagination, individualism and freedom of expression. it was characterized by expanding the formal structure within a composition and making the pieces more passionate and expressive.
• Some of his music is characterized through its beautiful tone, rhythmic flexibility, graceful and elegant. Some of his composition like mazurkas and polonaise express his love for Poland and most of his composition did not attach any literary titles or programs to his pieces.
• Piano works of Franz Liszt Grand Etudes after Paganini 12 Transcendental Etudes Sonata in B Minor Years of Pilgrimage (3 Volumes) ce . Operatic Fantasies ies (after (after Bellini, Bellini, Mozart, Mozart, Verdi and Wagner, among others) • Arrangements of the 9 Beethoven Symphonies • Transcriptions of Lieder by Schubert Liszt's "Hungarian Rhapsodies" were originally written for solo piano, but many were arranged for orchestra or other combinations of instruments. The Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 is the most popular and was the basis for the Tom & Jerry cartoon called the Cat Concerto