LAB3

• Form and consistency: soft to formed
• Very soft and watery - seen in diarrhea and administration of saline cathartic
• Excessively hard and scybalous - constipation due to lack of mucus
• Rice watery stool - cholera
• Pea soup stool - early typhoid
• Flattened or ribbon-like - syphilis, spastic colitis, and obstruction of the lower colon
• Butter-like - a fibrocystic disease of pancreas
• Gaseous and fermentative - excessive carbohydrate fermentation
• Yellow - due to the administration of santonin and senna
• Light clay or putty color - seen after ingestion of Barium meals
• Reddish or bloody - bleeding of lower GIT; undigested beets and tomatoes
• Putrid odor - found in ulcerative and malignant tumor of the lower bowel
• Sour/rancid odor - indicates gas formation, fermentation of carbohydrate, unabsorbed fatty acids
• Extremely foul odor - usually in alkaline stool, putrefaction of undigested protein
• Occult Blood - Benzidine method

  • Reagents: acetic acid with benzidine powder; 3% hydrogen peroxide
• Occult Blood - Benzidine method

  • Trace - very faint blue
• Occult Blood - Benzidine method

  • (+) - Faint blue
• Occult Blood - Benzidine method

  • (++) - Distinct blue
• Occult Blood - Benzidine method

  • (+++) - Dark blue
• Occult Blood - Benzidine method

  • (++++) - prussian blue
• Dark red/chocolate brown - bleeding in the upper GIT
• Black/tarry - associated with digestion of blood due to bleeding in the upper GIT
• Greenish - amoebiasis
• Gray - cocoa and chocolate produce dark gray stool
• Stercobilin - responsible for the ligament
• Normal color: light brown to dark brown due to stercobilin
• Normal odor: foul or offensive due to indol, skatole, and butyric acid