micro unit 1 test

• The axial filament, also known as the periplasmic flagellum, is a flagellum unique to spirochete, enclosed in the space between the cell wall and the cytoplasmic membrane.
• A rod-shaped bacterium is referred to as a Bacillus.
• At times, bacteria can act as a group in a biofilm, where, being able to closely communicate, the bacteria behave differently than if they were living singly.
• A spherically shaped bacterium is referred to as a Coccus.
• Rod-shaped bacteria in pairs are referred to as a Diplobacillus.
• Spherically shaped bacteria in pairs are referred to as a Diplococcus.
• Endospores are dormant bodies produced by some bacteria to ensure the genetic material of the bacterium survives harsh conditions.
• Small, bristle-like fibers sprouting off the surface of many bacterial cells used for attachment to surfaces are known as Fimbriae.
• For bacteria, the primary function of Flagella is to confer motility, or self-propulsion.
• When favorable conditions return, endospores can be revitalized to a fully active vegetative cell through the process of Germination.
• The bacterial Glycocalyx is thicker and denser than a slime layer and is bound more tightly to the cell.
• In the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall, some phospholipid molecules of the outer membrane are substituted with a molecule called Lipopolysaccharide.
• Bacterial DNA is aggregated in a dense area of the cell called the Nucleoid.
• The cell walls of most bacteria gain their rigid quality from a macromolecule called Peptidoglycan.
• In bacteria, rigid, tubular structure utilized for channel formation are known as Pilli.
• Bacterial cell DNA that exists as double-stranded circles of DNA separate from the bacterial chromosome are referred to as Plasmids.
• When cells of a single species differ in shape and size because of individual variations in cell wall structure, the bacteria is said to be Pleomorphic.
• The cytoplasmic membrane of bacterial cells is Selective permeability, having special carrier mechanisms to control what enters and leaves the cell.
• A single layer of thousands of copies of a single protein only produce by a bacterium when they are in a hostile environment is known as a S-layer.
• A spiral bacterial cell that resembles a corkscrew is a Spirillum.
• In the process of Sporulation, the depletion of nutrients stimulates the vegetative cell to begin endospore formation.
• A chain or rod-shaped bacteria is known as a Streptobacillus.
• A chain of spherically shaped bacteria is known as a Streptococcus.
• An endospore-forming bacteria that is metabolically active and growing is in the Vegetative state.
• Rod-shaped bacteria that are gently curves are referred to as Vibrio.
• A spiral bacterial cell that resembles a spring is a Spirochete.
• The cytoplasmic membrane of a bacteria regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
• This property of the cytoplasmic membrane is known as Selective permeability.
• Cilia are appendages for movement found in certain protozoa, similar to flagella but shorter and more numerous.
• The contents of the nucleus are separated from the cell cytoplasm by an external boundary called a nuclear envelope.
• The granular mass in the nucleus that act as the site for ribosomal RNA synthesis and a collection area for ribosomal subunits is known as the nucleolus.
• Chromatin is a network of dark fibers composed of linear strands of DNA in the nucleus.
• Ribosomes are the staging areas for cell protein synthesis in the eukaryotic cell.
• A woven, intertwining mass of hyphae makes up a mycelium, or the body or colony of a mold.
• Fungi that are dimorphic can take the form of yeast or hyphae, depending on growth conditions, such as changing temperature.
• Fungal infections caused by low-virulence species infecting already weakened individuals are known as opportunistic infections.
• The woven, intertwining mass of hyphae that makes up the body or colony of a mold is called a mycelium.
• In fragmentation, fungi propagate as a separated piece of mycelium breaks off and can generate a whole new colony.
• Protozoa are single-celled microorganisms containing all the major eukaryotic organelles.
• Protozoa in their motile, feeding stage are called trophozoites.