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Lecture 7
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Fungi
are
heterotrophs
, so they must eat things
Fungi are
Eukaryotic
The main body of
fungi
is
haploid
Fungi can be
multicellular
or
unicellular
Yeast
are
unicellular
fungi without
flagella
Fungi have a cell wall made from
chitin
Chitin
is a polysaccharide commonly known for making up
arthropod
shells,
cephalopod
beaks and
fish
scales
Fungi
externally
digest their food
There are about
120,000
species of fungi described
A
hypha
is the basic unit of a
multicellular
fungi
The structure seen above the ground is the
reproductive
structure of
multicellular
fungi
Multicellular
fungi
sexually
reproduce in the fruiting body
The
mycelium
is a mass of
hyphae
There are two kinds of hyphae:
Septate
, and
Coenocytic.
Septate hypha have a
septum
, which is a wall that separates
nuclei
Coenocytic
hypha do not have walls between
nuclei
, so all nuclei share the
cytoplasm
Hyphae
can be very specialized
There are
hyphae
adapted for
trapping
and
killing
prey
Hyphae with haustoria extend into
plant cells
and allow for
relationships
between plants and fungi
Fungi grow by
extending
, they
digest
what they extend into
Fungi do not have
alternation
of generations
Fungi usually reproduce
asexually
but most can reproduce
sexually
Plasmogamy
is the fusion of the
cytoplasm
of two individuals in
sexual
reproduction of fungi
Karyogamy
is the fusion of the
nuclei
from two individuals in
sexual
reproduction of fungi
Spores
in fungi are
haploid
Spores in fungi are mostly less than
20
μm in size
Spores in fungi each contain a
nucleus
,
dehydrated
cytoplasm, and a
protective
coat
Some spores in fungi can remain
dormant
for
long
periods
Spores are produced by
mitosis
in
asexual
reproduction of fungi
Spores
are produced by
meiosis
in
sexual
reproduction of fungi
Spores
are produced to move to a new
food
source
Spores
are produced to
avoid
or
wait out
adverse environment
Spores
are produced by
sexual
reproduction to create new genetic
combinations
Asexual
reproduction occurs from
spores
in
sporangia
Asexual
reproduction occurs from
conidia
(spores) in
conidiophores
Asexual
reproduction occurs from
budding
Fungi
are closely related to animals
Fungi and animals fall into a clade called
Opisthokonts
Animals and fungi ancestors split about
1 billion
years ago
There are
5
phyla of fungi
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