Historical Foundation

• In the 1800s, health professions emerged, emphasizing the patient-caregiver relationship, with surgery emerging and people starting to operate on people in operating theatres.
• Nutrition in the 1800s was based on height and weight.
• Nurses’ caps in the 1800s held medications and pins.
• The healthcare team in the 1800s worked together, with Braille being invented for the blind to be able to read.
• The “Cold box” invention, which later became known as the refrigerator, was invented in the 1800s to prevent diarrhea and gastrointestinal problems.
• Surgeons in the 1800s decided to think about disinfection and antiseptics, finding out that if they do not clean their patient beforehand, they are more susceptible to infection.
• Listerine was invented in the 1800s, inspired by Louis Pasteur’s theory that invisible germs are the cause of numerous infections.
• Joseph Lister, an English doctor, became the first surgeon to perform an operation in a chamber sterilized by pulverizing carbolic acid.
• Joseph Lister publicly recognized the work of two men working to modernize surgical practices: Dr. Joseph Lawrence and Robert Wood.
• The patient-caregiver relationship developed in the 1800s, humanizing care and taking care of every aspect: spiritual, mental, and emotional, not just physical.
• Sun disinfection was a method used in the 1800s to disinfect patients.
• The mother and child relationship in the 1800s emphasized that if you do not take care of the mother, you lose two lives.
• Health professions emerged in the 1800s, with technological developments and an emphasis on patient-caregiver relationship.
• The spread of tuberculosis and other communicable diseases in the 1800s led to the recognition of responsibility for teaching as an important role of nurses.
• Florence Nightingale devoted her career to teaching nurses, doctors, and health officials about the importance of proper conditions in hospitals and homes to improve the health of the people.
• Nurses are expected to provide clinically competent and coordinated care to the public, involve patients and their families in the decision-making process regarding health interventions, provide clients with education and counseling on ethical issues, expand public access to effective care, and ensure cost-effective and appropriate care for the consumer. (80s-90s)
• Recommendation 1: States should be standardized and understandable language for health professions regulation and its functions to clearly describe them for consumers, provider organizations, businesses and the professions.
• The certified nurse educator (CNE) Exam was developed to raise the visibility and status of academic nurse educator role as an advanced professional practice discipline with a defined practice setting.
• In 1995, the Pew Health Professions commission published a broad set of competencies it believed would mark the success of the health professions in the 21st century.
• The role of the nurse educator shifted from disease-oriented to prevention-oriented approach.
• The JCI seal is a symbol of prestige and quality hospital and patient management.
• The American nurses association (ANA) emphasized patient teaching as a key element in qualification, functions, and standards for nursing practice.
• Recommendation 5: Boards should educate consumers to assist them in obtaining the information necessary to make decisions about practitioners and to improve the board’s public accountability.
• The paradigm of health education has shifted from imparting information to patient empowerment to use their potentials, abilities, and resources.
• In the 1970s, the American Hospital association (AHA) developed the patient’s bill of rights to be adopted by healthcare institutions.
• In 1993, The Joint Commission International established the nursing standard for patient education to be adopted by hospitals or health agencies to be accredited.
• In the 1980s and 90s, there was a rise in the popularity of national health education programs and the International Council of Nurses endorsed the teaching role of a nurse as an essential component of nursing care delivery.
• Boards should teach the patients to assist them in getting information about decision making in terms of their health.
• Florence Nightingale emphasized the need for nutrition, fresh air, exercise, personal hygiene, and advocated for the educational responsibilities of district public health nurses and authored: Health Teaching in Towns and Villages.
• Florence Nightingale advocated for school teaching of health rules as well as health teaching in the home.
• Public health nurses in the UK understood the importance of the role of the nurse as a teacher in disease prevention and in maintaining the health of society.
• In 1918, the national league of nursing education (NLNE) in the US observed the importance of health teaching as a function within the scope of nursing practice.
• In 1938, NLNE recognized nurses as agents for the promotion of health and prevention of illness in all settings in which they practiced.
• In the late 1940s-1950s, patient education continued to occur as part of clinical encounters but was overshadowed by the increasingly more technological orientation of healthcare.
• In 1953, the Veterans Administration issued a technical bulletin called “Patient education and the hospital program” – identified the nature and scope of patient education.
• In 1950, the National League for Nursing (NLN) developed the first course content in nursing school curricula to prepare nurses to assume the role as teachers of others.
• Louis Pasteur’s theory that invisible germs are the cause

  of numerous infections inspires an English doctor name

  Joseph Lister
• Recommendation 1: States should be standardized and understandable language for health professions regulation and its functions to clearly describe them for consumers, provider organizations, businesses and the professions
• In the 21st century, the teaching role of nurses is emphasized.
• In 2006, the institute for healthcare improvement (IHI) announced the 5 million lives campaign to reduce the 15 million incidents of medical harm that occurs in US hospitals each year.