Energy Systems and ATP Resynthesis

• ATP-PC System: is an anaerobic reaction.
• ATP-PC System: uses phosphocreatine as the chemical fuel.
• ATP-PC System: reactions take place in the sarcoplasm.
• ATP-PC System: creatine kinase is the controlling enzymes.
• ATP-PC System: has a yield of 1 mole of ATP.
• ATP-PC System: Specific Stages

  PC→P+C+Energy (exothermic)

  Energy+ADP+P→ATP (endothermic)
• ATP-PC System: No by-products formed.
• ATP-PC System: Very high intensity activity.
• ATP-PC System: Lasts for 2-10 seconds.
• Glycolytic System: Anaerobic reaction
• Glycolytic System: Glycogen/glucose is the fuel used.
• Glycolytic System: reactions take place in the sarcoplasm.
• Glycolytic System: Glycogen phosphorylase(GPP), Phosphofructokinase(PFK), and Lactate Dehydrogenase(LDH) are the controlling enzymes.
• Glycolytic System: produces 2 moles of ATP
• Glycolytic System: Specific Stages

  Glucose undergoes anaerobic gylcolysis

  Pyruvic acid/ without oxygen→lactic acid
• Glycolytic System: Lactic acid is a by-product.
• Glycolytic System: High intensity activity
• Glycolytic System: Last up to 3 minutes
• Aerobic System: Aerobic reaction
• Aerobic System: Glycogen/glucose or fat are the fuels used.
• Aerobic System: Stage 1 takes place in the sarcoplasm; Stage 2 takes place in the matrix mitochondria; and Stage 3 takes place in the cristae mitochondria.
• Aerobic System: Phophofructokinase(PFK) and Acetyl-CoA are the controlling enzymes.
• Aerobic System: Produces 38 moles of ATP
• Aerobic System: Specific Stages

  Aerobic Glycolysis

  Krebs Cycle

  Electron Transfer Chain
• Aerobic System: Carbon Dioxide and Water are the by-products.
• Aerobic System: low-moderate intensity exercise.
• Aerobic System: last from 3 minutes up to hours.
• Glycolytic System Process: Glycogen is converted into glucose by the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase (GPP). Glucose then goes through the process of glycolysis. The glycolysis process produces energy and resynthesises 2 ATP. Glycolysis is only possible with the enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK). The process of glycolysis produces pyruvic acid. If not enough oxygen is present pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which increases acidity, decreases PH, which inhibits and denatures enzymes. This leaves no energy for ATP resynthesis, causing fatigue.
• Aerobic System: Aerobic Glycolysis

  Glycogen is broken down into glucose by GPP. Glucose goes through glycolysis and is broken down into pyruvate via PFK, aerobic glycolysis resynthesises 2 ATP. Pyruvate goes down the aerobic pathway at the metabolic fork. Pyruviate is broken down into actyl coenzyme A by the enzyme coenzyme A
• Aerobic System: Krebs Cycle

  Acetly CoA diffuses into the matrix of the mitochondria and converts to citric acid. A complex cycle of reactions occur, known as the Krebs Cycle. Citric acid goes through a series of processes, leaving 2 CO2, 1 ATP, 1 NADH, 1 FADH, which carry hydrogen for the next stage. This process occurs twice therefore two molecules of ATP are produced.
• Aerobic System: Electron Transfer Chain

  NADH and FADH2 carry hydrogen to the electron transfer chain. This occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria. The hydrogen splits into hydrogen ions (H+) and electrons (e-) and these are charged with potential energy. When the electron (e-) combine with oxygen (O2) water (H2O) is produced.