Evidence for Evolution

• What are two notable fossils that support evolution?

  'Ardi' and 'Lucy'
• How do fossils like 'Ardi' and 'Lucy' contribute to the theory of evolution?

  They provide evidence of organism changes over time
• What type of evidence, alongside fossils, supports the theory of evolution?

  Stone tools and shared anatomical features
• What collective evidence supports the theory of evolution?

  • Fossils like 'Ardi' and 'Lucy'
  • Stone tools
  • Shared anatomical features
• What does the collective evidence of fossils and tools help us understand?

  How organisms have changed and adapted over time
• What type of evidence supports the existence of human ancestors?

  Fossil evidence
• What do the skulls of chimpanzee, Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, Homo erectus, and modern human illustrate?

  They show the evolution of human ancestors
• Name one of the fossils that provide evidence for human-like species.

  Ardi
• Who is Lucy in the context of human ancestry?

  A fossil evidence of a human-like species
• What do Ardi, Lucy, and Turkana Boy represent in human evolution?

  Evidence for human-like species from millions of years ago
• How long ago did the human-like species represented by Ardi, Lucy, and Turkana Boy live?

  Millions of years ago
• What are the key fossils that provide evidence for human ancestors?

  • Ardi
  • Lucy
  • Turkana Boy
• What is the species name of Ardi?

  Ardipithecus ramidus
• How old is Ardi estimated to be?

  Approximately 4.4 million years old
• Where was Ardi discovered?

  Ethiopia
• What are the key features of Ardi?

  • Small brain size, similar to a chimpanzee
  • Opposable, grasping big toe for tree-climbing
  • Long arms and grasping hands, short legs
  • Leg and pelvis structures indicate upright walking
  • Hand bone structure shows she did not walk on hands
• How does Ardi's brain size compare to that of a chimpanzee?

  It is similar to that of a chimpanzee
• What feature of Ardi's foot indicates her ability to climb trees?

  Opposable, grasping big toe
• What does the structure of Ardi's legs and pelvis suggest about her locomotion?

  She walked upright, like a human
• What does the hand bone structure of Ardi indicate about her movement?

  She did not use her hands to walk
• What species is Lucy classified as?

  Australopithecus afarensis
• How old is Lucy estimated to be?

  Approximately 3.2 million years old
• Where was Lucy discovered?

  Ethiopia
• What are the key features of Lucy?

  • More human-like than Ardi
  • Small brain size, larger than Ardi's
  • Walked upright, more efficiently than Ardi
  • Arched feet, no grasping big toe
  • Shorter arms and longer legs than Ardi
  • Intermediate skeletal features between ape and human
• How does Lucy's brain size compare to Ardi's?

  Lucy's brain is larger than Ardi's
• What does Lucy's pelvis and knee joint indicate about her movement?

  She walked upright like a human
• In what way are Lucy's feet different from Ardi's?

  Lucy has arched feet with no grasping big toe
• How do Lucy's arm and leg proportions compare to Ardi's?

  Lucy has shorter arms and longer legs than Ardi
• What does it mean that Lucy has intermediate skeletal features?

  Her features are between ape and human
• What species does Turkana Boy belong to?

  Homo erectus
• How old is Turkana Boy estimated to be?

  Approximately 1.6 million years old
• Where was Turkana Boy discovered?

  Kenya
• Who discovered Turkana Boy?

  Leakey's team
• What are the key features of Turkana Boy?

  • More human-like than Lucy
  • Larger brain size than earlier hominids
  • Modern human-like body proportions
  • Short arms and long legs
  • Tall and slender, indicating long-distance walking and running
  • Human-like feet and legs, showing efficient upright walking
• How does Turkana Boy's brain size compare to earlier hominids?

  It is larger than earlier hominids
• What does the body proportion of Turkana Boy suggest about his lifestyle?

  He was adapted for long-distance walking and running
• What does the structure of Turkana Boy's feet and legs indicate?

  He walked upright and efficiently
• What does the graph show about stone tools over time?

  Increasing complexity of stone tools
• What does the complexity of stone tools indicate about early humans?

  It reflects their cognitive evolution
• What is the time range for Homo habilis?

  2.5 million - 1.5 million years ago