Ncma

• Advanced practice nurses have been increasingly used in the hospital as clinical nurse specialists and in the community as nurse practitioners.
• Physical refers to the body, which we interface with our environment and fellow beings.
• The physical self is the concrete dimension, the tangible aspect of the person that can be directly observed and examined.
• Psychological pertains to the mind mental phenomena as the subject matter of psychology function of awareness, feeling, or motivation: psychological effect.
• Sociological or relating to sociology or to the methodological approach of sociology.
• Sociological nursing is oriented or directed toward social needs and problems.
• Cultural refers to the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts.
• Spiritual relating to religion or religious belief.
• Spiritual nursing is relating to religion or religious belief.
• Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to health and illness- ANA 1995.
• Nursing is a science that uses scientific method for diagnosis and treatment.
• Nursing is an art that provides humanistic care.
• The nursing process is a systematic problem-solving approach that is goal-oriented, organized, systematic, and provides humanistic care.
• The nursing process includes the following steps: Assessment, Diagnosis, Implementation, and Evaluation.
• Assessment in the nursing process is the systematic collection of data and the most important step that sets the tone for the rest of the process.
• Planning in nursing involves setting goals and outcomes.
• Syndrome ND is a specific cluster of nursing diagnosis that occur together and have similar nursing interventions to resolve the situation.
• Health Promotion ND involves Problem.
• Problem – focused ND involves Problem + Etiology + S/Sx.
• Defining Characteristics (Signs and Symptoms) are observable assessment cues such as patient behavior, physical signs.
• Goals in nursing are broad statements that describe a desired change in a patient’s condition, perceptions or behavior.
• Approaches in nursing include Direct Care and Indirect Care.
• Related Factor (Etiology) is the etiological cause or causative factor for diagnosis.
• Intervention in nursing is any treatment based on clinical judgment and knowledge a nurse performs to enhance patient outcomes.
• Types of Health Assessment include Initial Comprehensive Assessment, Ongoing or Partial Assessment, Focused or Problem-oriented Assessment, and Emergency Assessment.
• A possible nursing diagnosis is one that needs further data to support it.
• Evaluation in nursing is the final step of the nursing process where the patient’s response is assessed based on the criteria set for the outcome.
• Priority Setting in nursing involves ordering of nursing diagnoses or patient problems using notions of urgency and importance to establish a preferential order for nursing interventions.
• Types of Goals in nursing include Long Term Goals and Short Term Goals.
• Risk ND involves Problem + Etiology.
• Purposes of the Nursing Process include identifying a client’s health status, establishing a plan of care, providing interventions, and providing holistic, effective care.
• Characteristics of the Nursing Process include being Dynamic and cyclic, Patient centered, Goal directed, Flexible, Problem oriented, Cognitive, and Action oriented.
• Diagnosis in the nursing process is clinical judgment concerning a human response to health conditions/life processes and involves analysis of data to identify the problem.
• A potential nursing diagnosis identifies a high-risk health problem that most likely will occur gradually.
• Ambulatory care nurses assess and screen clients to determine the need for physician referrals.
• In the late 1800s–early 1900s, nurses relied on their natural senses to observe changes in a client’s face and body for signs of health status changes.
• Palpation was used to measure pulse rate and quality and to locate the fundus of the puerperal woman.
• Nurses were hired to conduct pre-employment health stories and physical examinations for major companies, such as New York Telephone, in the 1950s.
• In a hospital setting, the physician usually performs a total physical examination when a client is admitted, and the nurse continues to assess the client as needed to monitor progress and client outcomes.
• Home health nurses make independent nursing diagnoses and referrals for collaborative problems as needed.