Advanced practice nurses have been increasingly used in the hospital as clinical nurse specialists and in the community as nurse practitioners.
Physical refers to the body, which we interface with our environment and fellow beings.
The physical self is the concrete dimension, the tangible aspect of the person that can be directly observed and examined.
Psychological pertains to the mind mental phenomena as the subject matter of psychology function of awareness, feeling, or motivation: psychological effect.
Sociological or relating to sociology or to the methodological approach of sociology.
Sociological nursing is oriented or directed toward social needs and problems.
Cultural refers to the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts.
Spiritual relating to religion or religious belief.
Spiritual nursing is relating to religion or religious belief.
Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to health and illness- ANA 1995.
Nursing is a science that uses scientific method for diagnosis and treatment.
Nursing is an art that provides humanistic care.
The nursing process is a systematic problem-solving approach that is goal-oriented, organized, systematic, and provides humanistic care.
The nursing process includes the following steps: Assessment, Diagnosis, Implementation, and Evaluation.
Assessment in the nursing process is the systematic collection of data and the most important step that sets the tone for the rest of the process.
Planning in nursing involves setting goals and outcomes.
Syndrome ND is a specific cluster of nursing diagnosis that occur together and have similar nursing interventions to resolve the situation.
Health Promotion ND involves Problem.
Problem – focused ND involves Problem + Etiology + S/Sx.
Defining Characteristics (Signs and Symptoms) are observable assessment cues such as patient behavior, physical signs.
Goals in nursing are broad statements that describe a desired change in a patient’s condition, perceptions or behavior.
Approaches in nursing include Direct Care and Indirect Care.
Related Factor (Etiology) is the etiological cause or causative factor for diagnosis.
Intervention in nursing is any treatment based on clinical judgment and knowledge a nurse performs to enhance patient outcomes.
Types of Health Assessment include Initial Comprehensive Assessment, Ongoing or Partial Assessment, Focused or Problem-oriented Assessment, and Emergency Assessment.
A possible nursing diagnosis is one that needs further data to support it.
Evaluation in nursing is the final step of the nursing process where the patient’s response is assessed based on the criteria set for the outcome.
Priority Setting in nursing involves ordering of nursing diagnoses or patient problems using notions of urgency and importance to establish a preferential order for nursing interventions.
Types of Goals in nursing include Long Term Goals and Short Term Goals.
Risk ND involves Problem + Etiology.
Purposes of the Nursing Process include identifying a client’s health status, establishing a plan of care, providing interventions, and providing holistic, effective care.
Characteristics of the Nursing Process include being Dynamic and cyclic, Patient centered, Goal directed, Flexible, Problem oriented, Cognitive, and Action oriented.
Diagnosis in the nursing process is clinical judgment concerning a human response to health conditions/life processes and involves analysis of data to identify the problem.
A potential nursing diagnosis identifies a high-risk health problem that most likely will occur gradually.
Ambulatory care nurses assess and screen clients to determine the need for physician referrals.
In the late 1800s–early 1900s, nurses relied on their natural senses to observe changes in a client’s face and body for signs of health status changes.
Palpation was used to measure pulse rate and quality and to locate the fundus of the puerperal woman.
Nurses were hired to conduct pre-employment health stories and physical examinations for major companies, such as New York Telephone, in the 1950s.
In a hospital setting, the physician usually performs a total physical examination when a client is admitted, and the nurse continues to assess the client as needed to monitor progress and client outcomes.
Home health nurses make independent nursing diagnoses and referrals for collaborative problems as needed.