Parts of a leaf

• Upper epidermis - Transparent layer on the top of the leaf that allows light to pass through

  
• Waxy cuticle - Waxy layer at the top of the leaf that prevents water loss

  
• Palisade mesophyll - Layer of long cylindrical cells where most photosynthesis happens

  
• Spongy mesophyll - Layer of cells with air-spaces between them. Gas exchange occurs here

  
• Xylem - Transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves

  
• Phloem - Transports dissolved sugars in the plant

  
• Lower epidermis - Thin underside layer of cells where stomata are found

  • Contains guard cells, which control the opening and closing of stomata