Depression

• Absolutist thinking (Cognitive categories of depression)

  Sufferers have 'black and white thinking' meaning that in a situation is unfortunate, they see it as a disaster
• Attending to an dwelling on the negative (Cognitive categories of depression)

  Sufferers of depression are inclined to pay more attention to negative aspects of a situation and ignore positives. They might have a bias towards towards recalling unhappy events rather than happy
• Poor concentration (Cognitive categories of depression)

  Sufferers of depression may find themselves unable to stick with a task they usually would or find it hard to make decisions. Interferes with the individual's work
• Lowered self-esteem (Emotional categories of depression)

  Sufferers of depression tend to have a lower self-esteem and this can be extreme with a sense of self-loathing
• Anger (Emotional categories of depression)

  Sufferers of depression frequently experience anger which can be directed at self or others. Such emotions lead to aggressive/ self-harming behaviour
• Lowered mood (Emotional categories of depression)

  'Lowered mood' still a defining element of depression but more pronounced than in the daily kind of experience of feeling lethargic and sad. Patients describe feeling 'worthless and empty
• Aggression and self-harm (Behavioural categories of depression)

  Sufferers of depression are often irritable, and in some cases they can become verbally or physically aggressive. Knock-on effects on a number of aspects on relationships/work. Aggression directed against the self including self-harm, often in the form of cutting, or suicide attempts
• Disruption to sleep and eating behaviour (Behavioural categories of depression)

  Sufferers may experience insomnia or hypersomnia but also changes in appetite leading to either an increase or decrease in weight. Thus, these behaviours are disrupted by depression
• Activity levels (Behavioural categories of depression)

  Typically, sufferers of depression have reduced levels of energy- making them lethargic. Knock-on effect created leading to withdrawal from social/work life. Opposite effect is psychomotor agitation where person struggles to relax
• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (DSM-5 Category)

  Disruption to mood prior to and/or during menstruation
• Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DSM-5 Category)

  Childhood temper tantrums
• Persistent depressive disorder (DSM-5 Category)

  Long-term/recurring depression which includes sustained major depression used to be called dysthymia
• Major depressive disorder (DSM-5 Category)

  Severe but often short-term depression