AO1

• Schaffer and Emerson proposed that there are 4 identifiable stages of attachment. They studies 60 Glaswegian babies. Majority from skilled working class families. The researchers visited the babies and mothers in their own homes every moth for the first year and again at 18 months. The researchers asked the mothers questions about the kind of protests their babies showed in 7 everyday separations. The researchers also assessed the babies' stranger anxiety.
• Stage 1 is the asocial stage in the first few weeks of life. Observable behaviour to humans and inanimate objects is similar. Babies do show signs that they prefer to be in the company of people, who can find it easier to comfort them
• Stage 2 is the indiscriminate attachment stage. 2-7 months. Babies display obvious observable behaviours and show a clear preference for humans. They do not usually show separation anxiety when caregivers leave their presence or stranger anxiety in the presence of unfamiliar people.
• Stage 3 is the specific attachment stage. From around 7 months, the baby displays classic signs of attachment to 1 person, including stranger and separation anxiety. This is the primary attachment figure. This is the baby's mother in 65% of the cases.
• Stage 4 is the multiple attachment stage. They extend the primary attachment to multiple attachments with other people they regularly spend time with. 29% of children formed secondary attachments within a month of forming the primary attachment.