AO1

• Lorenz set up a classic experiment where he randomly divided a large clutch of goose eggs Half of the eggs were hatched with the mother goose, half were hatched in an incubator. The incubator group followed Lorenz around and the control group followed the mother when. they were mixed up, the control group continued to follow the mother and the experimental group followed Lorenz. This is called imprinting.
• Imprinting is when bird species are mobile from birth attached to and follow them first moving object they see Lorenz identified a critical. in which imprinting needs to take place depending on the species. These can be of as brief as a few hours after hatching.
• If imprinting does not occur within the critical. they do not attach themselves to a mother figure. Lorenz investigated the relationship between imprinting and adult mate preference. He he observed that birds that imprinted on a human would often later display courtship behaviour towards humans. In a case study in 1952 Lorenz described a peacock that was reared in the reptile house of a zoo, where the first moving objects he saw were giant tortoises. As an adult, this bird would only direct courtship behaviour towards tortoises.
• Hollow work with a research machine is much similar to humans than Lorenzo's birds. He observed that newborns kept alone in a bare cage often died, but would survive if giving something like cloth to cuddle. He reared 16 baby monkeys with two wire model mothers in one condition. Milk was dispensed by a plain wire mother and the other was covered by a cloth covered mother. They found that the baby monkeys cuddled the cloth covered mother in preference to the plain wire mother.
• Harlow showed that contact comfort was more of importance to monkeys than food when it came to attachment behaviour. Harlow and found that the monkey is deprived of a real mother were. the most dysfunctional if they were only raised with the plain wire mother. There were more aggressive and less sociable than other buggies and bred less often than is typical for a monkey's when they became mothers, some of their deprived monkeys neglected their young and others attacked their children, even killing them. The critical. for monkeys was 90 days.