Changing Places - Content

• Explain why an outsider perspective might give a different sense of place to an insider perspective.

  • An insider perspective often means you live in the place, whereas an outsider perspective may mean that it is a place you have never visited (1).
  • An outsider perspective may mean you live in a place but you feel you don’t belong (1)
  • for example a recent immigrant who doesn’t understand the culture (1)
  • so this means may feel excluded from that place (1).
• Explain how exogenous factors contribute to the character of a place.

  • Exogenous factors are those which have an external cause or origin (1).
  • For example, links to other places, routeways connecting places or policies made by external forces (1).
  • Exogenous factors often represent the flow of different things across space such as flows of people, money or ideas (1).
  • Exogenous factors such as flows of people change the character of places (1)
  • for example, large numbers of South Asian migrants in Manchester have created the Curry Mile in Rusholme (1) (d).
• Outline how geospatial data can be used to present place characteristics.

  • Data collected in the field has location information tied to it such as latitude and longitude co-ordinates (1).
  • This can then be used in a GIS programme to plot the location of the data (d) (1).
  • For example, environmental quality survey results can be shown to see how it changes across a town (d) (1).
  • GIS systems such as ArcGIS display geospatial data and can be used to show how place characteristics change across an area (1).
• Outline how topography can contribute to the character of a place.

  • Topography, meaning the shape / form of the land and the distribution of its surface features and relationship between them (1).
  • Topography can lead to broad perceptions made about place character, for example, the rugged landscape of the Isle of Skye (1)
  • due to the spiky nature of its basaltic mountains (1) (dp).
  • This compares to the Cotswolds being ‘quaint’ with its landscape of rolling hills (1) (dp).
• Explain the difference between experienced places and media places.

  • Experienced places are places that you have lived in or visited before (1).
  • This means we may acquire a deeper understanding of the place (1)(d).
  • Media places are places that we only know through media such as TV, literature, songs or art (1).
  • This means that our perceptions are based on what is presented to us (1)(d).
• In the context of place, explain the meaning of ‘endogenous factors’ and ‘exogenous factors’.

  • Endogenous factors are those that originate internally (1).
  • They might include aspects of site or land on which the place is built (1)
  • such as the height, relief, and drainage, availability of water, soil quality, and other resources (1) (d).
  • They also include the demographic and economic characteristics of the area (1)
  • as well as aspects of the built environment and infrastructure (1) (d).
• The word "place" has more than one dimension
• A "location" is the physical point of where a place is
• A place is a location which has different meanings to various people
• Locales are locations in a place that are associated with everyday activities (e.g. school, sports ground, theatre)
• A locale structures social interactions and people are likely to show behavioral traits specific in a locale
• Sense of place is the subjective emotional attachment to a place which gives it meaning
• Attachment to a place grows stronger over time as experiences in that place increase
• Topophilia concerns the love of a place and having a strong attachment to it
• Topophobia is the dislike of a place
• Places can be categorized into types: near places, far places, experienced places, and media places
• Place character relates to the specific qualities, attributes, or features of a location that make it unique
• Endogenous factors originate from within the place and are local
• Exogenous factors originate from outside a place and provide linkages and relationships with and to other places
• Insiders are those people who feel at home within a place
• Outsiders are the opposite of insiders and may not be born in a place
• The term "the other" refers to people who are unfamiliar or different to the self
• For place studies, it is important to research from a range of reliable sources to avoid a misinformed study
• Place meaning refers to the sense of place and character that different people give to a place
• Forces of change that shape place meaning include community groups, governments, councils, individuals, TNCs, national organizations, international organizations, and global organizations
• Rebranding is the process by which forces of change aim to adapt the place meaning of a location
• Palimpsest: a place or landscape in which something new is superimposed over traces of something preceding it
• Place Meaning: How places are perceived and understood by those living there.
• Sense of Place: The way an individual perceives their surroundings based on personal experiences and memories.
• Place Attachment: Emotional connection between people and places they identify with.
• Place Identity: Sense of belonging to a particular place due to shared values and beliefs.
• Experienced Places: a place where you have physically been 
• Near places: the area or region near or about a place
• Far places: places that are geographically far or have a distant connection to someone emotionally 
• Media Places: a place in a way which contrasts with our lived experiences of it. It can differ quite markedly from statistical and other types of quantitative data 
• Media Representation of a Place:

  • Brochures 
  • Online reviews
  • Television 
  • Films 
  • Apps 
  • Advertisements 
  • Social media 
  • Video games 
• Exogenous Factors: external factors
• Endogenous Factors: internal factors
• Endogenous Factors - Place:

  • Land use
  • Topography 
  • Physical geography 
  • Type of vegetation 
  • Infrastructure (can be both) 
  • Demographic (age, sex, etc)  characteristics
  • Built environment 
  • Location 
  • Economic characteristics 
• Exogenous Factors - Place:

  • Flows of ideas, people, resources, money and investment
  • Distances between people and places impact