Fertilisation

• The seminal vesicles produce a fluid that helps nourish and protect sperm.
• This results in the formation of a fertilized egg called a zygote.
• The male reproductive system consists of the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis, scrotum, and accessory ducts.
• Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell.
• The fallopian tubes are responsible for transporting the egg from the ovary to the uterus.
• Sperm production begins at puberty and continues throughout a man's life.
• Sperm cells are produced by spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules within the testes.
• Testosterone is secreted by Leydig's cells in response to LH from the anterior pituitary gland.
• The zygote contains DNA from both the sperm and egg and has the capacity to develop into an embryo.
• Prostate gland produces an alkaline secretion that neutralizes the acidic environment of the vagina, making it easier for sperm to survive.
• Semen is composed of sperm cells and accessory fluids from various male reproductive organs.
• Semen is made up of sperm, fluids from the prostate gland and seminal vesicles, as well as fructose (a sugar) and citric acid.
• The female reproductive system includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, vulva, and external genitalia.
• Testosterone is responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics such as facial hair, deepening voice, muscle mass, and bone growth.
• Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from one of the ovaries into the fallopian tube.
• Each sperm cell contains 23 chromosomes (half the number needed to form an entire organism).
• Leydig's cells produce testosterone which stimulates spermatogenesis.
• Menstruation is the shedding of the endometrium (lining of the uterus) if no pregnancy has occurred.
• During fertilization, the zona pellucida around the egg changes its shape to allow only one sperm to enter.
• After fertilization, the zygote undergoes mitosis to form a ball of cells called a blastocyst.
• Fertilization occurs when a single sperm cell penetrates the zona pellucida (outer layer) of the ovum, triggering changes in the oocyte membrane and leading to fusion with the sperm head.
• Capacitation refers to the final maturation stage of spermatozoa that allows them to penetrate the zona pellucida and fuse with the oocyte.