🫧reactivity unit🫧

• Elements in the same GROUP in the periodic table have the same amount of electrons in their valence shell.
• Elements in period 4 have 4 shells.
• As the elements go down in periods they get heavier.
• a new period = a new shell
• hydrogen in the first period has 1 shell.
• there are 7 periods.
• the alkaline earth metals are found in group 2.
• The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell.
• group 3 starts with BORON and most elements in group the are metals.
• boron is a metaloid
• Group 4

  • 4 electrons in the outer shell
  • Contains metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C)
• Group 5

  • 5 electrons in the outer shell
  • Can share electrons to form compounds
  • Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals
• Group 6

  • 6 electrons in the outer shell
  • Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals
  • Reactive
• Halogens are found in group 7 of the periodic table and are non-metals.
• group 8 on the periodic table are the noble gases which are non-metals.
• Rare earth metals are found at the bottom of the periodic table.
• some of the rare earth metals are raidio active.
• Properties of Metals:

  • are lustrous (shiny)
  • are hard and strong
  • have a high density
  • are malleable (can be bent and pressed into different shapes) and ductile (can be drawn into wires)
  • are good conductors of heat and electricity
  • have high melting and boiling points (except mercury, which is liquid at room temperature).
• Hydrogen gas and a metal hydroxide.

  For example;

  Lithium + Water               Lithium hydroxide + Hydrogen

  2 Li + 2 H2O           2 LiOH + H2
• Metal + oxygen              Metal oxide

  Lithium + oxygen                  lithium oxide

  4 Li + O2          2  Li2O
• Electron configuration:

  • First shell can only have 2 electrons.
• In electron configuration the 2nd shell can only fit 8 electrons.
• in electron configuration the 3rd shell can fit 8 electrons
• in the 4th shell you can fit 2 electrons
• METAL  +  WATER -> METAL HYDROXIDE  +  HYDROGEN.
• Calcium   +   water  ->  Calcium hydroxide   +   hydrogen
• displacement reactions depend on how reactive the metals are
• Copper + Sulphuric Acid > Copper Sulphate

  Potassium

  Sodium

  Calcium

  Magnesium

  Aluminium

  Carbon

  Zinc

  Iron

  Tin

  Lead

  Hydrogen

  Copper

  Silver 

  Gold
• 1. Zinc oxide + calcium = reaction
  2. Magnesium + iron oxide = reaction
  3. Zinc + tin oxide = reaction
  4. Magnesium sulphate + Zinc = no reaction
  5. Calcium + copper oxide = reaction
  6. Magnesium + iron sulphate =reaction
  7. Tin oxide + Copper = no reaction
  8. Gold + copper oxide = no reaction