Global Water Systems And Climate Change

• Sea level rise and melting permafrost release more freshwater into oceans, coastal areas and the Arctic which can impact coastal freshwater systems like aquifers, rivers and wetlands.
• Climate Change interacts with the local marine systems, both natural and anthropogenic, causing changes to water balance and water flows from land to sea.
• Marine Systems can be understood as Socio-Ecological Systems, where human systems are interdependent, inseparable, and intertwined with ecosystems, embedded within and dependent upon the biosphere and the broader Earth system.
• Social systems are made up of patterned set of relations between individual or groups of social actors.
• Ecological systems are living organisms, their relationships, and their surrounding bio-physical environment.
• Social levels are institutions that set norms and rules for groups of actors.
• Important processes in the water cycle are evaporation, transpiration, and condensation.
• Global Water Systems and Local Marine Systems are connected through the water cycle, which includes water flows from land to sea (rivers, groundwater) and water flows from sea to land (precipitation).
• Global Water Systems and Local Marine Systems are also connected through the water cycle, as water flows from land to sea (rivers, groundwater) and water flows from sea to land (precipitation) are important processes in the water cycle.
• Introduction to Climate Change includes causes, effects, and solutions.
• Global Water Systems include water balance and water flows from land to sea.
• Ecological scales are the spatial and temporal dimensions of an object, pattern, or process.
• Social-ecological systems (SES) in this course include Global Water Systems, Climate Change, and Local Marine Systems.
• Scales and levels can be concordant (aligned) or discordant (misaligned).
• IPCC WG 1 focuses on the physical science underpinning past, present, and future climate change.
• Changes to ecological systems affect the wellbeing and maintenance of societies.
• The Atmosphere component of IPCC WG 1 examines the composition and dynamics of the Earth's atmosphere, emphasizing the role of greenhouse gases and aerosols in regulating temperature.
• Society’s use of resources can deplete, pollute, replenish, and/or fundamentally change ecosystems.
• Institutions set normative goals over sustaining and/or transforming society’s use of environmental resources.
• The Oceans component of IPCC WG 1 investigates ocean circulation, heat absorption, and its impact on climate patterns.
• The Cryosphere component of IPCC WG 1 assesses changes in ice caps, glaciers, and polar ice sheets, examining their contribution to sea level rise.
• Limiting warming to 1.5 degrees is still possible.
• You are also better able to explain how climate change interacts with the local marine systems (natural and anthropogenic).
• Marine Systems can be understood as Socio-Ecological Systems.
• Global Water Systems involve water balance and water flows from land to sea.
• Population growth and GDP are key drivers of environmental change.
• Models are used for quantitative projections for the future climate (e.g. temperature).
• The UAE Consensus includes an unprecedented reference to transitioning away from all fossil fuels in energy systems, in a just, orderly and equitable manner in this critical decade to enable the world to reach net zero emissions by 2050, in keeping with the science.
• Introduction to Climate Change provides information on causes, effects, and solutions.
• COP28: is it enough? is a question to be answered.
• The IPCC provides projections for global warming.
• IPCC WG 1 also explores the natural greenhouse effect and how human activities, such as burning fossil fuel s and deforestation, enhance this effect.
• Marine Systems can be considered as socio-ecological systems.
• The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is a treaty that aims to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere.
• IPCC projections for global warming include Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) with radiative forcing ranging from 1.9 to 8.5 W m-2 and Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) with SSP1 being sustainable development proceeding at a reasonably high pace, inequality is lessened, technological change is rapid and directed toward environmentally friendly processes, lower carbon energy sources, and high productivity of land.
• Climate Change is caused by various factors such as fossil fuels, deforestation, food production, industry, and more.
• Conference of Parties (COP) is a body that oversees the implementation of the UNFCCC.
• Climate Change projections include scenarios of possible, desirable, and likely futures.
• Climate Change is connected to local marine systems through changes in temperature, precipitation, wind, sea ice melt, sea level rise, ocean acidification, changes in the water cycle, and more weather extremes.
• IPCC projections for global warming also include scenarios of Business-as-Usual (BAU), which is a scenario where greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise unabated.