reproductive, endocrine, nervous system

• Penis is a cylindrical tube which serves as both

  reproductive organ and an excretory organ.
• Testicles (testes): A pair of oval-shaped organs masked in a

  pouch called the scrotum.
• Penis: It delivers sperms into the vagina during sexual intercourse.
• Testicles (testes): They are responsible for the

  production of sperms and the male hormone testosterone
• •Scrotum: It is a sac-like organ that hangs below the penis and

  behind it. It is the houses of the testicles, or testes, and maintains

  a temperature that is required for the production of sperm by it.
• •Vas deferens: The sperms produced in testes are stored

  in a tube called the epididymis. Here the sperms get matured

  and pass to urethra through the muscular tube called vas deferens.
• accessory glands: this includes three glands, namely seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and cowper's gland.
• The Male Reproductive System

  ▪ Produce, maintain and

  transport sperm and

  protective fluid
• Vagina- The outermost female internal genitalia is the vagina.
• Uterus- The uterus is a

  muscular, pear-shaped organ

  with thick walls situated in the

  center of the pelvis, in front of

  the rectum and behind the

  bladder.
• The main objective of the uterus is to maintain a developing fetus.
• ovaries- facilitate fertilization discharge of the ovum (egg).
• Fallopian Tube- serves as the specific location for sperm and egg fertilization.
• The Female Reproductive System

  ▪ Produce gametes called eggs

  ▪ Provide a site for fertilization
• The Endocrine System -a collection of ductless glands that produce

  hormones and secrete them into the circulatory system.
• Functions of Hormones

  ▪ Regulate growth and development
• Hypothalamus- Triggers production of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
• LH- luteinizing hormone
• (FSH)- follicle-stimulating hormone
• Testes- Aids in sperm production, secondary sex characteristics and sexual behavior
• Pituitary Gland(Anterior)- Synthesis and testosterone production
• Pituitary Gland (Anterior) - Promotes sperm production
• Pituitary Gland(Posterior)- Increase uterine contractions and

  breast milk release
• Pituitary Gland(anterior)- Egg production
• Pituitary Gland(anterior)- Promotes follicle maturation and estrogen secretion
• Ovaries- Aid in uterine and mammary gland development and function, secondary sex characteristics, menstrual cycle
• homeostasis- In its simplest form it means ‘staying the same’
• The self-adjusting mechanism is called feedback

  mechanism.
• Negative Feedback Loop- involves reducing or decreasing the response to a stimulus.
• Positive Feedback Loop- occurs when a stimulus increases the original stimulus.
• Follicular Phase- During menstruation, the endometrium

  breaks down.
• Ovulation- In the ovary, the follicle matures and the endometrium is rebuilt
• Luteal Phase- Formation of the corpus luteum; endometrium thickens and develops
• The Nervous system is the major control system of homeostasis.
• nervous system uses electrical impulses to send messages through neurons
• endocrine glands use hormones to send messages to the target cells through the bloodstream.