Water

• Hydrolysis - adding water to break a chemical bond between two molecules.
• Water is a polar molecule, meaning H has a positive dipole and O has a negative dipole
• In ATP hydrolysis, water acts as a nucleophile because it attacks electrophilic bond between beta and gamma phosphates of ATP
• In ATP hydrolysis, gamma ATP is freed from the phosphate group
• Dehydration is reverse reaction of hydrolysis, where two molecules are combined to form a larger molecule and water is a byproduct
• Hydrogen molecules form a bond that can also be called dipole-dipole
• In hydrolysis, water is reactant
• In dehydration/condensation, water is a product
• Water has high heat capacity which contributes to its ability to reduce body temperature by sweating as it takes away all the heat
• Water has high surface tension
• Water has lower density in a solid phase