Maltose formation

• What type of sugar is maltose?

  Disaccharide
• How do two glucose molecules join to form maltose?

  Through dehydration synthesis by removing water
• What happens during dehydration synthesis?

  A water molecule is removed to combine monomers
• What analogy is used to describe the formation of maltose?

  Two building blocks joining to create a larger structure
• What is the name of the process shown in the right part of the image?

  Hydrolysis
• How is a glycosidic bond formed?

  Through dehydration synthesis of hydroxyl groups
• In what types of products can maltose be found?

  Malted drinks and some baked goods
• How is maltose formed?

  When two glucose molecules link together
• How is maltose formed from glucose molecules?

  By joining two glucose molecules together
• If you have a large molecule made up of smaller molecules joined by covalent bonds, how can you use hydrolysis to break it down?

  Add a water molecule to break the covalent bonds and separate the smaller molecules
• What are the components that make up maltose?

  Two glucose molecules
• Which type of molecules are combined in dehydration synthesis?

  Monomers
• If you combine two glucose molecules, what carbohydrate do you form?

  Maltose
• What is the name of the final compound shown in the image?

  Lactose
• If you have two molecules with hydroxyl groups (OH), how can you use dehydration synthesis to join them together?

  Remove a water molecule to form a covalent bond between the two molecules
• What is the name of the first compound shown in the image?

  UDP-galactose
• How do monosaccharides form disaccharides through dehydration synthesis?

  • Two monosaccharides combine
  • A water molecule (H₂O) is removed
  • Example: Glucose forms maltose
• What is the role of water in dehydration synthesis?

  Water is removed to facilitate bonding
• What is the name of the second compound shown in the image?

  Glucose
• What is the role of UDP-galactose in the image?

  It is a substrate for the galactosyl transferase enzyme
• What are the products of the maltose formation reaction?

  One maltose molecule and one water molecule
• What is dehydration synthesis?

  A reaction where two monomers combine
• What role does maltose play in carbohydrate metabolism?

  It is an intermediate in starch breakdown
• What is the name of the process shown in the left part of the image?

  Dehydration synthesis
• What type of bond is a glycosidic bond?

  A covalent bond joining sugars together
• What is the overall process shown in the image?

  • UDP-galactose is converted to glucose by the galactosyl transferase enzyme
  • This reaction adds a galactose unit to an acceptor molecule, forming lactose
• How does the structure of lactose differ from glucose?

  • Lactose contains a galactose unit in addition to a glucose unit
  • The galactose is linked to the glucose through a glycosidic bond
• What are the reactants in the maltose formation equation?

  Two glucose molecules (C₆H₁₂O₆)
• How does the maltose formation reaction illustrate dehydration synthesis?

  It removes a water molecule during the reaction
• What are the steps of hydrolysis?

  • A molecule with a covalent bond is split into two smaller molecules
  • A water molecule is added to break the bond
  • The original molecule is broken down into its component parts
• What are the steps of dehydration synthesis?

  • Two molecules with hydroxyl groups (OH) react
  • A water molecule is removed
  • The two molecules are joined together
• What is the primary taste contribution of maltose in foods?

  • Adds a sweet taste
• If the galactosyl transferase enzyme was inhibited, how would that affect the production of lactose?

  Lactose production would be reduced
• What is the significance of the balanced equation for maltose formation?

  • Shows reactants and products
  • Illustrates conservation of mass
  • Demonstrates dehydration synthesis process
• What is the process of glycosidic bond formation in lactose?

  • An -OH group from glucose reacts with UDP-galactose
  • Forms an O link between C1 and C4 positions
• What is created when two monosaccharides form a glycosidic bond?

  An oxygen bridge between carbon atoms
• What is the balanced chemical equation for maltose formation?

  2 C₆H₁₂O₆ → C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ + H₂O
• How does maltose serve as an energy source?

  It breaks down to release glucose for respiration
• What process is involved in maltose formation?

  Dehydration synthesis
• How is maltose formed chemically?

  Through dehydration synthesis of two glucose molecules