Development of drugs

• Clinical testing - carried out on humans - 1. low doses of drug given to healthy volunteers(check its safe for humans) - 2. find best dose to treat disease with low side effects
• Preclinical testing- not on humans , carried out on cells, tissues, live animals
• foxglove used in the heart drug digitalis
• painkiller aspirin extracted from willow trees
• Test for: toxicity, effectivenes, dosage
• Double blind trial- placebo and real drug used- patients AND doctors dont know which is which (Stops bias)