Passmed Review

• Cellulitis can be diagnosed clinically without further investigations in primary care.
• Primary amenorrhoea, little or no axillary and pubic hair, elevated testosterone -> Most likely genetic syndrome,androgen insensitivity syndrome (46XY).
• Legionella pneumophilia can be diagnosed through a urinary antigen test.
• With bundle branch block, the ECG always indicates abnormality, particularly in cases of STEMI.
• Unexplained petechiae or hepatosplenomegaly in a child or young adult should be referred for assessment of leukaemia immediately.
• Anastrozole/letrozole are drugs that reduce peripheral oestrogen synthesis and require a DEXA scan before starting.
• CSF analysis for TB meningitis typically shows cloudy, low glucose, high protein, and 30-300 white cells.
• Herpes simplex keratosis can be managed topically with aciclovir.
• Herpes simplex keratitis typically presents with a painful red eye with photophobia and epiphora.
• Axillary node clearance is the standard management for breast cancer with clinically palpable lymphadenopathy.
• Jacksonian March Seizure is a phenomenon where a Simple partial seizure spreads from the distal part of the limb toward the ipsilateral face (on the same side of the body).
• Genital herpes is the most likely diagnosis for multiple painful genital ulcers.
• Chancroid is the most likely diagnosis for a single deep painful genital ulcer.
• Syphilis is the most likely diagnosis for a single non-tender genital ulcer.
• Haemophilius influenzae is the pathogen in acute epiglottitis.
• Adding progesterone to estrogen in HRT increases the risk of breast cancer.
• The most common extra-renal manifestation of ADPKD is liver cysts.
• NSAIDS, aminoglycosides, ACEi/ ARBs, diuretics are drugs that can cause AKI.
• Tension pneumothorax can present with sudden onset vertigo, vomiting, ipsilateral facial paralysis and deafness.
• Topical corticosteroid break in patients with psoriasis should aim to be 4 weeks.
• Faecal elastase is a test of exocrine function in chronic pancreatitis.
• Target INR for mechanical valves is Aortic - 3.0, Mitral - 3.5.
• Key features of hepatorenal syndrome are ascites, low urine output, and sig serum creatinine increase.
• Terlipressin is the first line treatment for Hepatorenal syndrome.
• Amlodipine is a CCB that can cause gingival overgrowth.
• Main components for managing sickle cell crisis include analgesia, oxygen, IV fluids.
• Major bleeding on warfarin management includes stopping warfarin, giving 5mg Vit K IV and prothrombin complex concentrate IV.
• Nail changes in psoriatic arthritis include pitting and onycholysis.
• Pneumatic dilatation is the treatment of choice for achalasia in young patient without multiple comorbidities.
• Nutrition in moderate to severe acute pancreatitis is provided as per tolerated, do not keep NPO.
• Autoantibody in Hashimoto's Throiditis is anti-TPO.
• CCBs should be avoided in ventricular tachycardia.
• Clindamycin is a medication that is associated with causing C diff infection.
• >90% of colorectal cancers are adenocarcinomas.
• Prophylactic medication for gout should be initiated after the first attack (allopurinol).
• Kartagener's syndrome is characterized by bronchiectasis and dextrocardia.
• Murmur in tertalogy of Fallot is an ejection systolic murmur at left sternal edge.
• Features of keratitis include red eye, photophobia and gritty sensation.
• Hawthorne effect is a group changing its behaviour due to the knowledge that it is being studied.
• Wallace's Rule of Nine states that each of the following is 9% of the body when calculating surface area % if a burn: head, neck, each arm, each anterior part of leg, each posterior part of leg, anterior chest, posterior chest, anterior abdomen, posterior abdomen.