Feminist theories of religion

• What is a characteristic of religious organizations regarding gender?

  They are mainly male-dominated
• What does Armstrong argue about the priesthood and women's marginalization?

  Exclusion from priesthood shows women's marginalization
• How do places of worship often affect women's participation?

  They segregate sexes and restrict participation
• What restrictions do menstruating women face in Islam regarding the Qur'an?

  They aren’t allowed to touch the Qur'an
• What does Holm say about the portrayal of women in sacred texts?

  They are largely devalued and male-focused
• How do religious laws affect women's rights compared to men's?

  They often give women fewer rights than men
• What does Armstrong argue about women's roles in early religions?

  Women were often placed at the center
• According to Saadawi, what is the relationship between religion and women's subordination?

  Religion is not the direct cause of subordination
• What does Saadawi say about the rise of monotheism?

  It legitimizes men's power over women
• What does Woohead criticize about feminist explanations of religion?

  They equate religion solely with patriarchy
• What are 'religious forms of feminism'?

  • Ways women use religion for freedom
  • Not all religions oppress women
  • Examples include the hijab as liberation
• How do some young British Muslim women use the hijab?

  To gain parental approval for education
• What does Brusco say about women in Pentecostal groups in Colombia?

  It can empower women and increase influence
• What are piety movements according to Rinaldo?

  • Conservative movements supporting traditional teachings
  • Emphasize modest dress and prayer
  • Women may pursue their interests within them
• Who is most likely to join piety movements according to Rinaldo?

  Urban women with education and income
• What role do liberal Protestant organizations play regarding gender equality?

  They commit to gender equality and leadership