health and disease and risk factors

• Health can be defined as a state of both physical and mental well-being
• Individuals are either completely healthy or completely unhealthy.

  False
• What are the main factors for good health?

  Balanced diet, exercise, sleep
• Preventative medicines like vaccines are important for maintaining good health
• Too much stress can negatively impact health.
• Match the disease type with its potential cause:

  Unhealthy diet ↔️ Diabetes

  Lifestyle-independent factors ↔️ Chickenpox
• What is the term for conditions that cause ill health?

  Disease
• Communicable diseases are also known as infectious diseases
• What are the main causes of communicable diseases?

  Viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi
• Non-communicable diseases can spread from person to person.

  False
• Non-communicable diseases often start slowly and last a long time
• Name an example of a non-communicable disease.

  Asthma
• Steps of the immune system's response to a pathogen:

  1️⃣ Detection of the pathogen

  2️⃣ Activation of immune cells

  3️⃣ Attack on the pathogen

  4️⃣ Clearance of the pathogen
• People with immune system problems are more likely to catch infectious diseases
• Different types of diseases can interact to cause other health issues.
• Which virus is linked to cervical cancer?

  HPV
• Vaccination against HPV reduces the risk of cervical cancer.
• Skin rashes and asthma can result from the immune system overreacting
• What is the term for psychological and emotional well-being?

  Mental health
• Severe physical health problems can negatively affect mental health.
• Physical health problems can impact daily activities such as going to work
• Name an example of a mental health problem caused by physical health issues.

  Depression
• Risk factors guarantee that a person will develop a specific disease.

  False
• What is a risk factor in the context of health?

  Increases disease likelihood
• Non-communicable diseases cannot be spread from person to person
• What are examples of non-communicable diseases mentioned in the study material?

  Heart disease, diabetes, cancer
• Risk factors for diseases can only be lifestyle-related.

  False
• Exposure to air pollution is a risk factor for diseases like lung cancer
• Drinking too much alcohol can cause liver disease
• Which toxin in cigarette smoke directly damages blood vessels and lung cells?

  Smoke toxins
• What health problems can smoking or drinking while pregnant cause?

  Unborn baby problems
• What is obesity often linked to as a risk factor?

  Poor lifestyle choices
• Diet, obesity, smoking, and lack of exercise can all contribute to cardiovascular disease.
• Obesity can directly lead to type 2 diabetes and cancer.
• Illness can affect families by increasing their reliance on support
• What are examples of substances that can cause cancer when exposed to?

  Asbestos or radiation
• When someone is ill and cannot work, their family may become poorer.
• How does widespread disease impact a country's workforce and economy?

  Reduces productivity, increases healthcare spending
• Scientists study disease incidence to identify who is more likely to have certain risk factors
• Which groups are more likely to have unhealthy lifestyles in developed countries like the UK?

  Higher-income groups