Solutions

• What is the main topic of this page?

  Solutions
• What might you gain from studying solutions?

  Some solutions to exam questions
• What is a solution?

  A mixture of solute and solvent
• What happens when a solid is added to a liquid in a solution?

  The bonds holding the solid may break
• What is the process called when a solute dissolves in a solvent?

  Disolving
• What are the important definitions related to solutions?

  1. Solution: A mixture of solute and solvent that does not separate out.
  2. Solute: The substance being dissolved.
  3. Solvent: The liquid in which the solute dissolves.
• What is a solute?

  The substance being dissolved
• What is a solvent?

  The liquid in which the solute dissolves
• What is a saturated solution?

  A solution where maximum solute is dissolved
• What happens in a saturated solution?

  No more solute can dissolve in the solvent
• What is solubility?

  A measure of how much solute dissolves
• How is solubility often measured?

  In grams of solute per 100 grams of solvent
• If 23 grams of a substance can dissolve in 100 grams of water, what is its solubility?

  23 grams per 100 grams of water
• What happens to solubility as temperature increases?

  Solubility generally increases for solids
• What factors affect solubility?

  • Temperature: Higher temperatures often increase solubility for solids.
  • Pressure: Affects gas solubility; higher pressure increases gas solubility.
  • Nature of solute and solvent: Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents.
• What is the relationship between solubility and temperature for most solids?

  Solubility increases as temperature increases
• What is the relationship between solubility and temperature for gases?

  Solubility decreases as temperature increases
• What is a graph of solubility versus temperature used for?

  • To visualize how solubility changes with temperature.
  • To determine the maximum solubility at different temperatures.
  • To compare solubility of different substances.
• How much water is used in the solution?

  100 grams
• What happens when the solution becomes saturated?

  The substance has a solubility of 23 g per 100 g of water
• How does temperature affect the solubility of most solid substances?

  Solubility increases as temperature increases
• What is the solubility curve?

  • A graph of solubility versus temperature
  • Shows how solubility changes with temperature
• What does the solubility of a substance do as the temperature of the solution increases?

  It increases
• What is the unit of solubility mentioned in the material?

  g per 100 g of solvent
• How can you determine the solubility of a substance at a specific temperature using a solubility curve?

  Draw a line from the temperature to the curve
• What do you do after drawing a line from the temperature on the x-axis to the curve?

  Read across to find the solubility on the y-axis
• If the solubility at 25 °C is 32 g per 100 g of solvent, what does this indicate?

  It indicates the maximum amount that can dissolve
• What does the y-axis represent in a solubility curve graph?

  Solubility of the substance
• What does the x-axis represent in a solubility curve graph?

  Temperature
• What is the relationship between temperature and solubility as shown in the solubility curve?

  • As temperature increases, solubility increases
  • This trend is typical for most solid substances
• How does the solubility curve help in understanding the behavior of substances in solutions?

  It visually represents how solubility changes with temperature
• What is the solubility of the substance at 50 °C according to the graph?

  50 g per 100 g of solvent
• What is the solubility of the substance at 0 °C according to the graph?

  10 g per 100 g of solvent
• What is the solubility of the substance at 100 °C according to the graph?

  70 g per 100 g of solvent
• What does the term "saturated solution" refer to?

  A solution that cannot dissolve more solute
• What is the significance of the solubility value at a given temperature?

  It indicates the maximum solute that can dissolve
• What are the key points to remember when using a solubility curve?

  • Identify the temperature on the x-axis
  • Draw a line to the curve
  • Read the solubility from the y-axis