Chemistry Spring '24 - Terms / Definitions | Quiz 1

• In ionic bonding, electrons are transferred from a metal to a non-metal, resulting in the formation of ions.
• The ability of an element to attract electrons within a covalent bond is electronegativity
• The result of an uneven electron sharing is a dipole moment
• We call covalent bonds that have a dipole moment polar covalent bonds
• A bond that has no dipole moment is nonpolar
• We can use the lewis model, in combination with valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory, to predict the shapes of molecules.
• VSEPR theory is based on the ideas that electron groups-lone pairs, single bonds, or multiple bonds-repel each other.
• A bond angle of 180 degrees showcases a linear geometry
• A bond with a bond angle of 120 degrees showcases trigonal planar geometry.
• A bond with bond angles of 109.5 degrees showcases tetrahedral geometry
• electron geometry shows both the atoms and the electrons in a bond model
• molecular geometry only shows the arrangement of the atoms themselves
• A resonance structure is created when we can write two or more equivalent (or nearly equivalent) Lewis structures for the same molecule.
• Wavelength is the distance between adjacent wave crests
• Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation
• the number of cycles or crests that pass through a stationary point in one second is the frequency
• electromagnetic spectrum is the entire range of electromagnetic radiation
• the speed of light is 3.00 x 10^8 m/s (186,000 mi/s)
• the shortest wavelength (and therefore most energetic) photons are gamma rays
• x-rays have longer wavelengths (and lower energy than gamma rays)
• ultraviolet or UV light is sandwiched between x-rays and visible light on the electromagnetic spectrum
• Visible has longer wavelengths than UV light but higher energy than infrared light
• the frequency of red light is 750 nm
• the frequency of purple light is 400 nm
• longer wavelengths than visible light but higher energy than microwaves are infrared radiation
• microwaves have longer wavelengths than infrared light but higher energy than radio waves
• radiowaves have the longest wavelengths and lowest energy on the electromagnetic spectrum
• the emission spectrum is the spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a source
• the precise amount of energy possessed by a photon of light that was released by a source is quantum of energy
• quantum numbers are the set of numbers used to describe the position and energy of the electron in an atom
• the principal shell symbolized by n, indicates the main energy level occupied by the electron
• subshells are the set of orbitals that have the same n and l values
• s, p, d, f are all orbital letters
• the number of orbitals and electrons in sublevel s is 1 orbital and 2 electrons
• the number of orbitals and electrons in sublevel p is 3 orbitals and 6 electrons
• the number of orbitals and electrons in sublevel d is 5 orbitals and 10 electrons
• the number of orbitals and electrons in sublevel f is 7 orbitals and 14 electrons
• the lowest energy state of an atom is it's ground state
• the excited state is a state in which an atom has a higher potential energy than it has in its ground state
• the arrangement of electrons in an atom is it's electron configuration