virus genome or entire nucleocapsid enter cytoplasm, once inside some shed their capsid proteins (uncoating)
Two types of entry
Fusion: involves viral envelope glycoproteins or phospholipids that interact with proteins in the plasma membrane of host cell
Endocytosis: enter ells by one of the endocytic pathways (including clathrin-dependent endocytosis and macropinocytosis), resulting endocytic vesicle contains virion and fuses with endosome
A) Fusion
B) endocytosis
once viral infection of a host cell has occurred
viral genome is replicated
viral mRNA made (via transcription) used to make viral proteins (for translation)
Central Dogma of information flow
Replication: utilize DNA polymerase
Transcription: DNA template to make RNA
Translation: RNA template to make sequence of amino acids, then folded into protein
DNA -> RNA -> protein
A) replication
B) transcription
C) translation
RNA viruses typically replicate in
cytoplasm, use viral RNA replicase to make RNA
Four types of RNA viruses
dsRNA
+ssRNA
-ssRNA
retroviruses
+ssRNA
genomes act directly as mRNA
upon entry and uncoating, host ribosomes translate viral +RNA into protein