strong and weak acids

Cards (27)

  • acids produce ... in water
    protons
  • acids ... in aqueous solutions
    ionise
  • acids can be ... or ...
    weak
  • strong acids ... completely in water
    ionise
  • all acid particles in strong acids ... to release H+ ions
    dissociate
  • strong acid dissociation
    HClH+ + Cl-
  • weak acids do not fully ... in solution
    ionise
  • only a small portion of acid particles in a weak acids ... to release H+ ions
    dissociate
  • weak acid dissociation
    CH3COOHH+ = CH3OO-
  • dissociate
    when a chemical compound is dissolved in a solvent, usually water, and separates into two or more ions
  • the ionisation of a weak acids is a ... reaction
    reversible
  • how is an equilibrium set up between undissociated and dissociated acid?
    with the ionisation of weak acids being a reversible reaction
  • the pH of an acid or alkali is a measure of the ... of H+ ions in the solution
    concentration
  • for every decrease of 1 on the pH scale, the concentration of H+ ions increases by a factor of...
    10
    - an acid with a pH of 4 have 10 times the concentration of H+ ions of an acid that has a pH of 5
    - for a decrease of 2 on the pH scale, the concentration of H+ ions increases by a factor of 100
  • factor H+ ion concentration changes by =
    10 ^-x (x is the difference in pH)
  • the pH of a strong acids is always lower than the pH of a weaker acid if...
    they have the same concentration
  • acid strength tells you...
    what proportion of the acid molecules ionise in water
  • concentration measures...

    how much acid there is in a certain volume of water
  • metal oxides and metal hydroxides are...
    bases
  • all metal oxides and metal hydroxides react with acids to form a...

    salt and water
  • acid and metal oxide/hydroxide reactions
    acid + metal oxide → salt + water
    acid + metal hydroxide → salt + water
  • the combination of metal and acid decides...
    the salt
  • metal carbonates react with acids to produce...
    salt, water and carbon dioxide
  • metal carbonates are...

    bases
  • acid and metal carbonate reaction
    Acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide
  • you can make soluble salts using an...
    insoluble base
  • how can you make soluble salts with an insoluble base?
    1) you need to pick the right acid, plus an insoluble base such as an insoluble hydroxide, metal oxide or carbonate
    2) gently warm the dilute acid using a Bunsen burner, then turn off the Bunsen burner
    3) add the insoluble base to the acid a bit at a time until no more reacts (i.e. the base is in excess - you'll know when all the acid has been neutralised because, even after stirring, the excess solid will just sink to the bottom of the flask
    4) then filter out the excess solid to get the salt solution
    5) to get pure, solid crystals of the salt gently heat the solution using a water bath or an electric heater to evaporate some of the water (to make it more concentrated) and then stop heating it and leave the solution to cool - crystals of the salt should form, which can be filtered out of the solution and then dried. This is called crystallisation