Nutrition

• The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body.
• A balanced diet provides all the necessary nutrients in appropriate amounts.
• Nutrient deficiencies occur when there are not enough essential nutrients in the diet, leading to health problems such as stunted growth, weakened immune systems, and increased risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and cancer.
• Digestion begins in the mouth with chewing, which breaks down large pieces of food into smaller ones.
• Saliva contains enzymes called amylase and lipase, which begin to break down carbohydrates and fats respectively.
• Food then travels through the esophagus and enters the stomach, where it mixes with gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen (an enzyme).
• In the small intestine, chyme mixes with bile from the liver and pancreatic juice from the pancreas.
• Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for most organisms and come from plants and grains.
• Excess consumption of certain nutrients can lead to obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and other chronic diseases.
• Macronutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants.
• Saliva contains enzymes called amylase and lipase, which begin the process of carbohydrate and fat breakdown.
• Nutrient deficiencies occur when there are not enough essential nutrients in the diet, leading to health problems such as stunted growth or blindness.