Alkenes and Alcohols (AS)

• Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms.
• Have a general formula of CnH²n
• Mix alkane with bromine water - bromine water stays orange.
• Mix alkene with bromine water - bromine water goes from orange to colourless.
• Steroeisomers have the same structural and molecular formula but their atoms are arranged differently in space.
• Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.
• Substitution reaction occurs when one part of a compound is replaced by another.
• In electrophilic addition, the double bond is a region of high electron density it is easily attacked by electrophiles.
• The major product is more stable than the minor product.
• A tertiary carbonation has 3 R groups attached.
• A secondary carbonation had 2 R groups attatched.
• A primary carbocation has one R group attached.
• Polymer - a long chain molecule made from lots of small molecules joined together.
• Monomer - small molecules that join together to make polymers.
• Addition polymerisation - formation of long chain molecules from lots of small molecules joining together with no other products.
• Intermolecular forces between polymer chains are weak.
• Longer chains with fewer branches have stronger intermolecular forces, making them stronger and more rigid.
• Plasticisers can be added to polymers to modify their properties making it more bendy.