Milgram

• What theory is associated with Stanley Milgram?

  Agency Theory
• Agency Theory proposes that individuals switch between two states: autonomous and agentic
• In the autonomous state, individuals act as their own person with free will guiding their behavior.
• What do individuals give up when entering the agentic state?

  Free will
• The agentic state involves obedience to authority
• In what year did Milgram conduct his initial obedience study?

  1960
• Milgram argued that Nazi Germans' obedience was due to situational rather than dispositional
• What was the primary aim of Milgram's obedience study?

  Power of legitimate authority
• Milgram's study aimed to investigate whether individuals would administer electric shocks to another person when instructed by an authority figure.
• The sample in Milgram's study consisted of 40 male participants aged 20-50
• Steps in Milgram's obedience study procedure

  1️⃣ Participants given a false aim

  2️⃣ Introduced to a fake participant

  3️⃣ Role allocation through a rigged draw

  4️⃣ Use of a phony shock generator

  5️⃣ Instructions to increase voltage with wrong answers
• The shock generator in Milgram's study had 30 switches ranging from 15 to 450 volts.

  False
• What was the cover story given to participants regarding the purpose of the study?

  Memory test
• Participants were instructed to administer shocks when the learner answered word pairs wrong
• In Milgram's study, participants were observed by both the experimenter and hidden observers.
• What percentage of participants in Milgram's study obeyed up to 450 volts?

  65%
• All participants in Milgram's study went up to at least 300 volts.
• Milgram's study gained credibility because it was conducted at Yale University.
• What did Milgram conclude about antisocial behavior in his study?

  Situational factors
• When given orders by an authority figure, individuals may enter the agentic state.