Cogni

• Cognitive Neuroscience is a field of study linking the brain and other aspects of the nervous system to cognitive processing, and ultimately to behavior.
• Headphones pick up magnetic fields emitted by changes in brain activity.
• The study of the physiological basis of cognition is known as Cognitive Neuroscience.
• The Nervous System is the basis for our ability to perceive, adapt to, and interact with the world around us.
• Through the Nervous System, we receive, process, and then respond to information from the environment.
• The Forebrain, Midbrain, and Hindbrain are the three main parts of the brain.
• Neurons are the basic structural unit of the nervous system and are responsible for sending messages all over your body to allow you to do everything from breathing to talking, eating, walking, and thinking.
• The greatest concentration of neurons is located at the Neocortex of the brain.
• The four basic parts of a neuron are the Soma/Cell Body, Axon, Dendrites, and Terminal Buttons/Axon Terminal.
• Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers for transmission of information across the synaptic gap to the receiving dendrites.
• One of the basic principles of brain organization is localization of function, where specific functions are served by specific areas of the brain.
• Most of the cognitive functions are served by the cerebral cortex, which is a layer of tissue about 3 mm thick that covers the brain.
• The cerebral cortex forms the outer layer of the two halves of the brain—the left and right cerebral hemispheres.
• The left cerebral hemisphere is specialized for language, while the right cerebral hemisphere is specialized for non-language functions.
• The right hemisphere of the brain is specialized for some kinds of activity, while the left hemisphere is specialized for other kinds.
• Primary Brain Tumor starts in the brain.
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan measures the increase in oxygen consumption in active areas during particular kinds of information processing.
• Wernicke’s area in the left hemisphere of the brain contributes to language comprehension.
• The Frontal Lobe of the brain is also responsible for speech production.
• The Frontal Lobe of the brain is part of the Prefrontal Cortex which specializes in the planning, control, and execution of movement.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a technique for revealing high-resolution images of the structure of the living brain by computing and analyzing magnetic changes in the energy of the orbits of nuclear particles in the molecules of the body.
• Metabolic Imaging relies on changes that take place within the brain as a result of increased consumption of glucose and oxygen in the active areas of the brain.
• Broca’s area in the right hemisphere of the brain contributes to speech.
• Hemorrhagic Stroke is a sudden breakage of blood vessels in the brain.
• The left hemisphere of the brain controls speech, comprehension, arithmetic, and writing.
• The Frontal Lobe of the brain is responsible for motor processing and higher thought processes such as abstract reasoning, problem-solving, planning, and judgment.
• The right hemisphere of the brain controls creativity, spatial ability, artistic, and musical skills.
• Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures activity of the brain from outside the body.
• Vascular Stroke is a sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain.
• The Frontal Lobe of the brain is also part of the Primary Motor Cortex which specializes in the planning, control, and execution of movement.
• Apraxia is a disorder of skilled movements due to damage to the left hemisphere.
• Open-Head Injury is when the skull is penetrated.
• Ipsilateral transmission is when transmission occurs on the same side.
• Aphasia is a loss of speech due to brain damage.
• Ischemic Stroke is a stroke due to lodged fatty tissue in blood vessels.
• Closed-Head Injury is when the skull is intact.
• The Frontal Lobe of the brain is also part of the Primary Somatosensory Cortex which receives information from the senses about pressure, texture, temperature, and pain.
• The corpus callosum is a dense aggregate of neural fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres and transmits messages from one side to the other.
• Odor information from the right nostril goes primarily to the right side of the brain.
• Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a recording of electrical frequencies and intensities of the living brain, recorded over relatively long periods.