Unit 1

• Disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society.
• Natural Disaster is a large-scale hydrological, meteorological, or geological events that can potentially cause extensive damage to community.
• Hydrometeorological Disaster is the interplay between oceanographic and atmospheric process sometimes produce extreme climatic conditions.
• Geological Disaster pertain to disaster caused by natural geological process.
• Biological Process is a destructive event that caused by the extensive spread of particular organisms that harm people and the environment.
• Wild Fire (Forest Fire) is a large uncontrolled fire.
• Astronomical Disaster is caused by events from, or objects coming from outer space.
• Human Induced Disaster caused directly by one or a combination deliberate or negligent human actions.
• Technological Disaster caused by industrial accidents, structure, collapse, breakdown of operational procedures in industrial plants, massive fire or plain human error.
• Environmental Disaster attributes to the effect of chronic industrial, agricultural pollution, it came from the cars, factory and etc.
• Pollution is a presence of unwanted substance in an environment.
• Chemical Spill uncontrolled release of hazardous chemical substances.
• Nuclear power plant disaster harness is energy from the heat generated nuclear plantation, it is the most dangerous among all disasters.
• Climate Change can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways.
• Environmental Disaster both a driver and consequence of disasters, reducing the capacity of the environment to meet social and ecological needs.
• Globalized Economic Development resulted in increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale.
• Poverty and Inequality - poverty is both driver and consequence of disasters, and the processes that further disaster risk related poverty are permeated with inequality.
• Poorly-planned and Managed Urban Development - a new wave of urbanization in hazard-exposed countries and with it, new opportunities for resilient investment emerge.
• Weak Governance - unable or unwilling to assume their roles and responsibilities.
• Primary Effect - These are direct situations arising from the disaster itself.
• Secondary Effects - These are situations resulting from the primary effects.
• Tertiary Effect - does not experienced as a disaster
• Physical Perspective - Includes visible or tangible materials. It is whether natural or manmade.
• Psychological Perspective - Refers to the people’s emotional, cognitive or interpersonal reaction to difficulties.
• Sociocultural Perspective - Centers on the response of people, whether victims or not, to emergency situations and to the kind of assistance they receive.
• Economic Perspective - Focus on the activities in community. Media plays an important role in the context. Through media, a lot of communications may be offered to participate in relief endeavors.
• Political Perspective - Deals with how the government services are used to reduce loss or damage by preparing for and preventing disasters.
• Biological Perspective - Takes into consideration the potentials for infectious or communicable diseases after a disaster takes place.