photosynthesis

• Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.
• 1. $6 CO2 +$$6 H20 C6H12O6 +$$6 O2$
• • Process by which plants and other autotrophs  store the energy of sunlight into sugars
• • Requires sunlight, water and carbon dioxide
• • Occurs in the leaves of plants in organelles called chloroplasts.
• Photosynthesis is essential for the production of oxygen and the creation of organic molecules that serve as the foundation for most food chains on Earth
• photosynthesis: the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a by-product

  A) water

  B) light

  C) chlorophyl

  D) carbon dioxide

  E) oxygen

  F) sugar

  G) startch

  
• •Autotrophs - Organisms that use light energy from the sun to produce food (auto = self) Ex: plants and some microorganisms (some bacteria and protists)
• Heterotrophs - Organisms that CANNOT use the sun’s energy to make food - Ex: animals and most microorganisms
• parts of plant

  A) tip

  B) vein

  C) blade

  D) base

  E) margin

  F) midrib

  G) bud

  H) petioles

  I) stipules

  J)

  K)

  
• inner part of leaf

  A) stoma

  B) palisade layer

  C) spongy layer

  D) xylem

  E) phloem

  F) guard cells

  
• • The leaf is the main organ for photosynthesis.
• • Gas exchange of CO2 and O2  occurs at openings called stomata
• • Most photosynthesis occurs in the palisade layer.
• more parts of leaves

  A) guard cell

  B) cuticle

  C) mesophyll

  D) upper epidermis

  E) palisade mesophyll

  F) chloroplast

  G) xylem

  H) phloem

  I) lower epidermis

  J) spongy mesophyll

  K)

  
• Xylem - transport materials away from the roots
• Phloem - transport substances from the leaves and stems to the roots and from the roots to leaves and stem
• LOWER EPIDERMIS – outermost tissue on the lower side of the leaf; protects the leaf
• UPPER EPIDERMIS – outermost tissue on the  upper side of the leaf; protects the leaf
• PALISADE LAYER– rows of elongated cells in the upper center of the leaf; sites of Photosynthesis.
• cuticle: waxy layer on the covering the epidermis; holds in moisture, prevents too much absorption of water
• stoma/stomata: opening between the 

  guard cells; allows for gas exchange and some water
• Guard cells: surround the stoma; 

  control the opening and 

  closing of the stoma
• 11. cuticle

  12. Upper epidermis

  13. gas exchange

  14. xylem

  15. Phloem

  16, 17. substances / materials

  18. carbon dioxide

  19. oxygen

  20. Prevent too much water absorption, and holds in moisture

  21. Palisade layer, because it contains the most chloroplasts